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Centralia Transportation Plan - May 22, 2018DRAFT REPORT City of Centralia Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element Update Prepared for City of Centralia December 2017 III Contents Section Page 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1-1 2 Goals and Policies ............................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 General ............................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.2 Street Classification ......................................................................................................... 2-2 2.3 Circulation System – Residential ...................................................................................... 2-2 2.4 Circulation System – Non-Residential .............................................................................. 2-2 2.5 Barrier Free ...................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.6 Level of Service and Concurrency .................................................................................... 2-3 2.7 Pedestrian and Bicycle Travel .......................................................................................... 2-4 2.8 Parking ............................................................................................................................. 2-4 2.9 Regional Transportation and Intergovernmental Coordination ...................................... 2-4 2.10 Airport .............................................................................................................................. 2-5 2.11 Public Transit.................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.12 Rail ................................................................................................................................... 2-6 2.13 Utility ................................................................................................................................ 2-6 3 Improvement Project Criteria .............................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Transportation Element Project/Strategy Criteria ........................................................... 3-1 4 Existing Transportation Conditions and Deficiencies ............................................................. 4-1 4.1 Jurisdictional and Functional Classification of Roadways ................................................ 4-1 5 Existing Roadway Characteristics ......................................................................................... 5-1 6 Existing Traffic Conditions and Deficiencies .......................................................................... 6-1 6.1 Safety ............................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.1 Existing Traffic Deficiencies ................................................................................ 6-2 6.2 Transit Services and Facilities .......................................................................................... 6-4 6.3 Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities ...................................................................................... 6-6 6.3.1 Conditions and Deficiencies ................................................................................ 6-6 6.4 Freight (Rail and Truck) .................................................................................................... 6-8 6.5 Public Air Facilities ........................................................................................................... 6-9 6.5.1 Private Air Facilities............................................................................................. 6-9 6.6 Water Transportation ...................................................................................................... 6-9 7 Future Conditions and Deficiencies ...................................................................................... 7-1 8 Funding Strategies .............................................................................................................. 8-3 9 Recommended System Improvements and Costs ................................................................. 9-1 Attachments 1 Existing Conditions 2 Transportation Element Update Methods and Assumptions 3 Forecast Methods and Assumptions 4 Funding Strategies 5 Cost Estimates – Methods and Assumptions CONTENTS IV Tables 1 Roadway Functional Classification and Ownership 2 Intersection Control Type (Traffic Study Update Intersections Only) 3 Crashes by Type, Citywide 4 Crashes by Severity, Citywide 5 Average Yearly Crashes by Study Intersection 6 Existing 2017 PM Peak Hour Intersection Operations Summary 7 Existing Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities 8 Future Baseline 2037 PM Peak Hour Intersection Operations Summary 9 Future Roadway Segment Operations Deficiencies (in 2030, as identified in the 2007 City of Centralia Comprehensive Plan: Transportation Element) 10 Recommended Capital Improvement Projects Maps Functional Roadway Classifications Signalized Arterial Intersections and Speed Limits Existing Operational Deficiencies and Crash Locations Existing Transit Routes Future Transportation Deficiencies Recommended Solutions Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities SECTION 1 1-1 Introduction The City of Centralia was settled in 1852 along the junction of the Chehalis and Skookumchuck Rivers. Once known as a “Hub City,” or midway point, between Seattle and Portland, major rail routes transferred in Centralia to transport goods across the state. Rail industry and passenger trains spurred local economic activity. The Port of Centralia’s industrial parks continue to drive economic and freight activity between Portland and Seattle. Recreational open spaces and attractions, such as Borst Park, the Factory Outlets, and Downtown, continue to draw visitors throughout the region. Population and employment are anticipated to increase placing an increasing demand for quality transportation infrastructure. The purpose of the Transportation Element Update of the Comprehensive Plan is to document the conditions of transportation system(s) in the City of Centralia while planning for preservation of an efficient and functional transportation network. The Transportation Element Update updates the transportation solutions list from 2007, identifies new improvements, and prioritizes amongst all project solutions. The Transportation Element is compliant with existing federal, state and local policies. It is compliant with the elements of the Growth Management Act (GMA) and it is consistent with safety design standards implemented by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). The Transportation Element is also consistent with Lewis County Planning and Development goals, the Lewis County Arterial Analysis Study, Parks and Open Space Plan, and the WSDOT Master Transportation Plan. The study area for the Centralia Transportation Element update includes the area within the city limits of Centralia as well as the designated Urban Growth Area (UGA). The city of Centralia is located approximately 25 miles south of Olympia and 42 miles North of Kelso along Interstate 5 (I-5) in Washington. All roadway facilities in the study area fall under the jurisdiction of the City of Centralia, Lewis County or the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). I-5 and SR 507 are state highway facilities located within the study area. The study area is primarily level terrain with some rising elevations in the eastern portion of the study area. The confluence of the Chehalis and Skookumchuck Rivers are located within the study area as well as Borst, Hayes and Plumber lakes. Centralia contains some significant floodplain areas. Existing land uses include: commercial, industrial, low and medium density residential, public facilities and parks and open space. Commercial development is mostly concentrated in three areas: near the Harrison and Mellen interchanges, in the Central Business District (CBD), and in the southeast portion of the city near Gold Street and Kresky Avenue. Industrial land is primarily located along Harrison Avenue, west of I-5 in the northeastern portion of the city. Other industrial areas are located south and outside the city limits within the UGA along Old Highway 99. Residential is the primary land use when measured by acreage within the city. Significant residential concentrations are located in the southwest portion of the city, west of the Chehalis River, surrounding the CBD, and to the east of the CBD and rail lines. Public facilities are dispersed throughout the city with only Centralia High School located outside the city limits, but within the designated UGA. SECTION 2 2-1 Goals and Policies The goals and policies are consistent with the mandatory elements of the GMA while meeting the corresponding transportation element policy requirements. The GMA requires that comprehensive plans include a transportation element which is consistent with relevant Countywide Planning Policies (CCWPs) and the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 36.70A.070(6). 2.1 General Goal T-1 Provide a safe, convenient and economical circulation system for all modes of transportation. Policy T-1.1 Provide arterial streets which are of sufficient width and number to handle anticipated traffic loads. Policy T-1.2 Circulation system improvement on arterials should be designed to promote maximum traffic flow efficiency and safety. Policy T-1.3 Ensure that all streets and sidewalks meet City standards in newly developed areas, and encourage the construction of sidewalks in newly developed areas. Policy T-1.4 Upgrade existing City streets and walkways which do not meet adopted standards, consistent with available funding. Policy T-1.5 Design arterials and local access streets to meet functional requirements and be consistent with the character of the surrounding area. Policy T-1.6 Require all street and transportation related design and construction to follow adopted Development Guidelines and Public Works Standards. Policy T-1.7 Require dedication of adequate right-of-way to accommodate future traffic volumes, when development occurs adjacent to arterials, and require construction of new local access streets and/or widening of existing rights-of-way as may be warranted in conjunction with land use or development decisions. Policy T-1.8 Encourage street improvements to City standards when utility mainline extensions or improvements are made. Policy T-1.9 Discourage private road development within the City except as may be incorporated in planned unit developments provided the structural road section meets minimum City street design standards. Policy T-1.10 Establish and amend, as appropriate, uniform and fair administrative policies, procedures and directives to deal with the operation and administration of street and transportation systems. Policy T-1.11 Require the installation or development of sidewalks, curbs, gutters, street lighting, bicycle paths or other such improvements when new development occurs. Policy T-1.12 Require developers to contribute their fair share of necessary off-site transportation improvements. Require developers to pay all costs for on-site, contiguous or frontage improvements, as well as other new traffic improvements that may be necessary, or required by, or as a result of, the development. SECTION 2 – GOALS AND POLICIES 2-2 Policy T-1.13 Within the constraints of funding sources and grants, fund road improvements according to the following priority: 1) maintain the existing arterial and collector road network; 2) make spot improvements to existing streets that enhance safety and capacity; 3) construct new roads and streets, and 4) make necessary storm drainage improvements. 2.2 Street Classification Goal T-2 Maintain street classification standards compliant with the federal and state agencies. Policy T-2.1 Classify all City streets as Principal Arterials, Minor Arterials, Major Collectors, Minor Collectors or local roads, consistent with federal/regional/state classification systems, as follows: Policy T-2.2 a. Locate and design Principal Arterials to handle large traffic volumes and freight passing through the City or traveling for considerable distances (generally in excess of two miles) within the City; b. Locate and design Minor Arterials to handle moderate traffic volumes traveling over relatively short distances within the City, or to Principal Arterial streets as part of longer trips; c. Locate and design Principal Arterials and Minor Arterials to pass around rather than through cohesive residential areas wherever possible; d. Locate and design Major and Minor Collectors to pick up traffic from within cohesive residential areas and feed it to the Principal Arterial and Minor Arterial street system, and not to carry through traffic. e. Design local roads in such a manner as to provide convenient access to adjacent properties and to discourage through traffic movements. The City’s adopted functional classification system shall be as shown on the Washington State Functional Classification Map Application. 2.3 Circulation System – Residential Goal T-3 Provide an adequate residential circulation system. Policy T-3.1 Establish a street system that promotes and maintains the integrity of neighborhoods and discourages industrial and commercial traffic from passing through residential areas. Policy T-3.2 Identify traffic problems and facilitate their improvement. Policy T-3.3 Coordinate transportation improvements and plans with emergency services, such as fire and police services. 2.4 Circulation System – Non-Residential Goal T-4 Encourage provision of terminal facilities for inter-City rail and truck lines which are adequate to assure that the goods distribution needs of local industries, businesses and residences are fully met in a fashion compatible with other City goals and policies. Policy T-4.1 Provide local vehicular access to arterials while minimizing the number of curb cuts and conflicts with through traffic. Policy T-4.2 Design and maintain designated truck routes to accommodate freight truck traffic. SECTION 2 – GOALS AND POLICIES 2-3 2.5 Barrier Free Goal T-5 Provide adequate barrier free transportation facilities. T-5.1 Design and construct transportation facilities to be barrier-free and easily accessible to all citizens, consistent with the American with Disabilities Act. 2.6 Level of Service and Concurrency Goal T-6 Provide a transportation system at level of service (LOS) which will accommodate planned future growth within the City and their adopted UGAs. Goal T-7 Maintain and monitor transportation Level of Service (LOS) standards for Centralia roadways and intersections. LOS will be measured by volume/capacity on roadways and delay at intersections. Goal T-8 The City adopts LOS standard D for Centralia roadways and intersections. Goal T-9 As mandated by state law, the City of Centralia adopts LOS standard D for all state highways (including highways of statewide significance), or whichever LOS is currently adopted by the Washington State Department of Transportation, consistent with the regional transportation plan. In Centralia, state routes include I-5 and SR 507. Goal T-10 Consider mobility options (transit use, demand management, walking and bicycling) in relation to LOS standards and to relieve congestion where appropriate. Goal T-11 The City will coordinate with Lewis County and other jurisdictions regarding designation and adoption of regional LOS standards for identified regional roadway facilities. Goal T-12 If transportation improvements needed to maintain adopted LOS standards are not able to be funded, the City shall: • Phase development consistent with the land use plan until such time that adequate resources can be identified to provide adequate transportation improvements; or • Reassess the City’s land use plan to reduce the travel demand placed on the system to the degree necessary to meet adopted transportation LOS standards; or • Reassess the City’s adopted LOS standards to reflect service levels that can be maintained given known financial resources. Goal T-13 Projects shall be considered funded pursuant to Goal TG-3.6 when: • Incorporated into the adopted City budget, or • Upon grant agreement, or • Upon developer agreement, or • Upon a legally enforceable mechanism, such as a local improvement district, or • Some combination of the above. Goal T-14 Require that new development shall be allowed only if (1) all transportation facilities are adequate at the time of development and transportation impacts will not negatively impact or reduce LOS elsewhere or (2) a financial commitment is in place to complete the necessary improvements or strategies to accommodate transportation impacts within six years, in order to protect investment in and the efficiency of existing transportation facilities and services and promote compact growth. SECTION 2 – GOALS AND POLICIES 2-4 Goal T-15 Require developers if needed to conduct traffic studies or analyses, as decided at pre- application meeting(s) or per the City Engineer, to determine development impacts on the transportation system. Goal T-16 Consider establishment of a system for collecting traffic mitigation fees and require developers to mitigate development impact through improvements or strategies such as walking and bicycling, transit, ridesharing or transportation demand management, where practicable. 2.7 Pedestrian and Bicycle Travel Goal T-17 Provide a sufficient walking and bicycling transportation system. Policy T-17.1 Incorporate planned new sidewalks and bicycle facilities, and provide for such facilities with street improvement projects. Policy T-17.2 Design streets with features that encourage walking and bicycling. Policy T-17.3 Provide sidewalks and pedestrian crossings where arterial or collector streets bisect residential areas (in order to retain neighborhood cohesion). 2.8 Parking Goal T-18 Encourage parking patterns from impacting circulation near corridors. Policy T-18.1 Reduce congestion and enhance circulation by development of off- street parking in high traffic corridors. 2.9 Regional Transportation and Intergovernmental Coordination Goal T-19 Encourage coordination with regional and intergovernmental agencies. Policy T-19.1 Work with Lewis County, Twin Transit, Thurston County and other regional transit agencies and Chehalis in any regional transportation or transit program to coordinate efforts in the provision of regional transportation improvements, including an assessment of impacts of the transportation plan and land use assumptions on the transportation systems of adjacent jurisdictions. Policy T-19.2 The City should coordinate with local jurisdictions, Lewis County, Thurston County, the City of Chehalis and the State to program and construct improvements that will maintain LOS standards on Centralia roadways and state routes within Centralia. Policy T-19.3 Coordinate with Lewis County, other jurisdictions and other government agencies to improve or replace deficient bridges and other highway components, including construction of an additional freeway interchange north of the City with an access road to route commercial and industrial traffic onto Reynolds Road and/or to industrial/commercial development. Policy T-19.4 Work with Lewis County and Chehalis and be involved in the multi- county regional transportation planning organization to coordinate efforts to provide for multi-jurisdictional or regional transportation improvements. Policy T-19.5 Coordinate with Lewis County to maintain the Countywide transportation model. SECTION 2 – GOALS AND POLICIES 2-5 Policy T-19.6 Coordinate with Lewis County and other jurisdictions to identify hazardous locations on regional road systems and allocate resources toward improvements, when available. Goal TG-20 Encourage provision of terminal facilities for inter-City and intermodal transportation providers adequate to meet needs for movement of passengers and goods to and from Centralia. Policy T-20.1 Facilitate circulation via all modes of transportation between Centralia and Chehalis and other regional jurisdictions. 2.10 Airport Goal T-21 Encourage air transportation activities that support industrial and commercial health. Policy T-21.1 Support expansion of the Chehalis/Centralia regional airport to have a positive impact on the industrial and commercial activities in the City. 2.11 Public Transit Goal T-22 Support a public transit system to provide low-cost service to a variety of persons in the Centralia/Chehalis area in order to assure mobility for those who do not or cannot drive and to reduce, to some degree, dependence on the private automobile for movement of people. Policy T-22.1 Encourage the use and expansion of public transportation throughout the area. Policy T-22.2 Support, in appropriate ways, the operation of public transportation in the Centralia/Chehalis area, including both fixed route and demand response transit. Policy T-22.3 Promote routes within Centralia to areas with concentrations of elderly or handicapped persons. Policy T-22.4 Promote routes, where appropriate, that provide transportation for employees to the hospital, clinics, schools, downtown and other generators of usage. Policy T-22.5 Promote scheduling of service, including bus headways, for maximum usage for those persons who do not or cannot use an automobile for transportation. Policy T-22.6 Encourage, in appropriate ways, programs and development of facilities that encourage reduction of single occupant vehicle trips. Goal TG-23 Support a local and regional public transit system which contributes to the relief of traffic congestion, promotes energy conservation, and enhances mobility for the community. Policy T-23.1 Coordinate decisions regarding transportation improvements with planned land uses. Policy T-23.2 Cooperate with Twin Transit when appropriate in providing bus pull- outs along arterials where: a. sufficient ridership exists; b. there is sufficient existing right-of-way; SECTION 2 – GOALS AND POLICIES 2-6 c. the pull-out would not adversely affect pedestrian movement; d. storm drainage is not adversely affected; e. there is a sharing of the improvement costs between the developer, the City and Twin Transit; and f. the City has sufficient funding to assist in the financing of the improvement. Policy T-23.3 Support Twin Transit in expansion of their transportation service to include all areas of the County. Policy T-23.4 Encourage ridesharing, vanpool programs and other TDM measures where possible to reduce demand for roadway space and reduce peak-hour auto traffic. 2.12 Rail Goal T-24 Encourage an efficient and safe rail transportation network. Policy T-24.1 Encourage the use and expansion of both passenger and freight railroad services. Policy T-24.2 Improve the quality and safety of railroad crossings to facilitate traffic circulation, including grade separations where feasible. Policy T-24.3 Work with the railroads serving Centralia to assure that facilities and schedules remain adequate to serve efficiently local industry, businesses and residents. Policy T-24.4 Work with the railroads and federal regulatory agencies to assure the rail operations create the minimum possible disruption to vehicular and pedestrian traffic. Policy T-24.5 Encourage the use of the depot site as a major component in the revitalization of the downtown area. 2.13 Utility Goal T-25 Provide effective service delivery and maintenance of utilities. Policy T-25.1 Promote joint planning and coordination through timely and effective notice to all affected utilities (private or public) of all road construction, including maintenance and repair of existing roads. Access Goal 26 Provide adequate access for transportation networks within the city. Policy T-26.1 Maintain the State access management standards on state facilities that are consistent with the State’s design manual. Policy T-26.2 Ensure adequate road access to scenic and recreational areas to accommodate local and tourist traffic. SECTION 3 3-1 Improvement Project Criteria The prioritization of improvement projects is based upon a criterion that reflects the goals and policies in the Transportation Element. The criterion qualitatively evaluates how well the proposed project improves, promotes, or maximizes each transportation benefit. The criteria are consistent with the requirements of the Growth Management Act and Lewis County planning policies. Performance from the evaluation criterion, level of complexity, cost, and availability of funding all help determine the prioritization of projects for the transportation improvement program (TIP). 3.1 Transportation Element Project/Strategy Criteria 1. Vehicle Mobility The project/strategy improves existing and future vehicular mobility (including grade separation of rail crossings). 2. Safety The project/strategy removes existing identified safety issues. 3. Multi-modalism The project/strategy promotes transit, pedestrian or bicycle modes of transportation? 4. Coordination and Regional Transportation The project/strategy promotes coordination among jurisdictions or the advancement of regional transportation projects/priorities (e.g. those identified in the Lewis County Arterial Analysis Study)? 5. Freight Mobility The project/strategy promotes freight mobility? 6. Funding The project/strategy is positioned to receive non-local funding. 7. Cost The project/strategy maximizes benefit in comparison to expense. 8. Economic Development The project/strategy promotes economic health. 9. Neighborhood Integrity The project/strategy promotes neighborhood communities. 10. Connectivity The project/strategy improves connections between trip generators, such as schools, parks, downtown, freight centers, employment centers and higher density residential areas. 11. Environment The project minimizes environmental impacts. 12. Emergency Access The project enhances or provides for emergency access routes. SECTION 4 4-1 Existing Transportation Conditions and Deficiencies The condition and characteristics of several modes of transportation were inventoried to provide a baseline of analysis for transportation needs and improvements throughout the City of Centralia. The transportation system is comprised of vehicular roadway, rail, freight and truck, transit, and bicycle and pedestrian trails and facilities. An inventory of vehicular and non-motorized networks along classified arterial streets is included in Table 2. Traffic operations at major intersections were evaluated for existing deficiencies and travel demand forecasting was completed to determine future deficiencies. Gap analysis was conducted for the non-motorized network to determine segments where pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure is absent. This section summarizes existing conditions and deficiencies. A complete analysis of existing conditions is included in Attachment 1. 4.1 Jurisdictional and Functional Classification of Roadways Most of the classified roadways in Centralia are in the City of Centralia’s jurisdiction. Interstate 5 and State Route 507 are maintained by WSDOT. Lewis County also has jurisdiction over several roadways within Centralia’s UGA. The City’s roadways are primarily classified as local roadways with some classified as arterials or collectors. Functional roadway classifications are shown on Map 1. Six types of roadway functional classifications exist in the City of Centralia: • Interstate Highways—Interstate Highways have the highest roadway classification and serve larger volumes of interstate and regional traffic at higher speeds when traffic permits. Access is controlled and connections are generally made to other Interstate Highways, Principal Arterials and Minor Arterials. • Principal Arterials—Principal Arterials provide a high level of mobility with limited access and signal control. High volumes of traffic and freight travel at a range of speeds. Trips on Principal Arterials are generally for longer distances within the city (generally in excess of 2 miles), or through the city. Connections are made to Interstate Highways, other Principal Arterials, Minor Arterials, Major Collectors and Minor Collectors. • Minor Arterials –Minor Arterials provide a high level of mobility with greater access and increased signal control compared to Principal Arterials. High traffic volumes travel at a range of speeds. Trips are generally shorter than those on Principal Arterial and often remain within the city. Connections are made to Interstate Highways, Principal Arterials, other Minor Arterials, Major Collectors, and Minor Collectors. • Major Collectors—Major Collectors provide a moderate level of mobility with a moderate level of access and control. A range of volumes are present on Major Collectors, and speeds are limited when compared to some arterials. Through-trips are not generally carried by Major Collectors. Connections are made to Principal Arterials, Minor Arterials, other Major Collectors, Minor Collectors and Local Roadways. • Minor Collectors – Minor Collectors provide moderate to low levels of mobility with a high level of access. Low volumes of vehicles use Minor Collectors and travel at low speeds. Through-trips are not carried by Minor Collectors, and connections are made to Principal Arterials, Minor Arterials, Major Collectors, other Minor Collectors, and Local Roadways. SECTION 4 – EXISTING TRANSPORTATION CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 4-2 • Local Roadways—Local Roadways provide the highest level of access while limited to a low level of speed. Through-trips are not carried on Local Roadways. Trips on local roadways are short and connections are usually made to Minor or Major Collectors. Table 1 lists jurisdiction (ownership) and functional classification information for the interstate, arterial and collector roadways located within the Centralia study area. Table 1. Roadway Functional Classification and Ownership Roadway Jurisdiction Functional Classification 1 Interstate 5 (I-5) WSDOT Interstate Highway 2 SR 507/Pearl Street (Main St to Viaduct) Centralia Principal Arterial 3 SR 507/Tower Avenue (Main St to Viaduct) Centralia Principal Arterial 4 Harrison Avenue (I-5 to Yew St) Centralia Principal Arterial 5 Main Street (Yew St to Tower Ave) Centralia Principal Arterial 6 Kresky Avenue (Viaduct to south city limit) Centralia Principal Arterial 7 Gold Street (Viaduct to south city limit) Centralia Principal Arterial 8 SR 507/Pearl Street (Main St to Howard Ave) Centralia Minor Arterial 9 SR 507/Tower Avenue (Main St to West 6th St) Centralia Minor Arterial 10 SR 507/Mellen Street (I-5 to Alder St) Centralia Minor Arterial 11 SR 507/Alder Street (Mellen St to Cherry St) Centralia Minor Arterial 12 SR 507/Cherry Street (Alder St to Tower Ave) Centralia Minor Arterial 13 Harrison Avenue (I-5 to north city limit) Centralia Minor Arterial 14 Reynolds Avenue Centralia Minor Arterial 15 Galvin Road Lewis County Minor Arterial 16 Oakland Avenue Centralia Minor Arterial 17 Scheuber Road Lewis County Minor Arterial 18 West 1st Street Centralia Major Collector 19 Yew Street Centralia Major Collector 20 Washington Avenue Centralia Major Collector 21 Summa Street Centralia Major Collector 22 Tower Avenue (Floral St to Chestnut St) Centralia Major Collector 23 Pearl Street (Summa St to Chestnut St) Centralia Major Collector 24 Airport Road Lewis County Major Collector 25 Cooks Hill Road Lewis County/Centralia Major Collector 26 Locust Street (Centralia College Boulevard) Centralia Major Collector 27 Johnson Road Centralia Major Collector 28 Eshom Road Centralia Major Collector 29 Woodland Avenue Centralia Major Collector SECTION 4 – EXISTING TRANSPORTATION CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 4-3 Table 1. Roadway Functional Classification and Ownership Roadway Jurisdiction Functional Classification 30 Borst Avenue Centralia Major Collector 31 West 4th Street Centralia Major Collector 32 West 1st Street Centralia Major Collector 33 Maple Street Centralia Major Collector 34 Floral Avenue Centralia Major Collector 35 Salzer Valley Road Lewis County/Centralia Minor Collector 36 Seminary Hill Road Lewis County/Centralia Minor Collector 37 Little Hanaford Road Lewis County Minor Collector Sources: Lewis County (2017), Washington State Department of Transportation Functional Classification Map SECTION 5 5-1 Existing Roadway Characteristics An inventory of roadway facilities and characteristics sets a baseline of information for future improvement of the transportation system. The roadway network for the City of Centralia is a grid pattern with many parallel roads and intersecting cross-streets. Historically the grid pattern paralleled the north-south railroad and this pattern exists today in the downtown area. Physical roadway characteristics help to define potential roadway issues or problem areas. Most roadways within Centralia are two lane facilities, although some arterials have shared (two-way) left turn lanes or other turn pockets. Harrison Avenue is the only facility with more than three lanes. Roads within Centralia generally are posted with speeds of 25 or 30 miles per hour (mph) with some roadways characterized by speeds of 35 or 40 mph. Speed limits are shown on Map 2. Many intersections on arterial roadways have signal control (table 2). Other intersections in the city are controlled with stop signs on two or four of the intersection approaches. The twenty-three signalized intersections within the study area are displayed on Map 2. Most of the signalized intersections are concentrated in the downtown area and along the roads adjacent to I-5 that serve Centralia retail and commercial areas. Table 2. Intersection Control Type (Traffic Study Update Intersections Only) Intersection Name Intersection Control Type Jurisdiction 1 West Reynolds Ave & Harrison Avenue Signal Centralia 2 West Reynolds Ave & Pearl Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 3 Harrison Ave & I-5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 4 Harrison Ave & I-5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 5 West Main Street & Pearl Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 6 West Main Street & Tower Avenue Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 7 Mellen Street & I-5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 8 Mellen Street & I-5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 9 Mellen Street & Yew Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 10 Cherry Street & Pearl Street Signal Lewis County 11 Cherry Street & Tower Avenue Signal Lewis County 12 West Main Street & Yew Street Signal Centralia 13 West 1st Street & Harrison Avenue OWSC Centralia 14 Summa Street & Gold Street TWSC Centralia 15 Summa Street & Kresky Avenue TWSC Centralia OWSC – One-way stop controlled TWSC – Two-way stop controlled SECTION 5 – EXISTING ROADWAY CHARACTERISTICS 5-2 Key roadway facilities include Interstate 5, Pearl Street and Tower Avenue (SR 507), Harrison Avenue, Main Street and Mellen Street. Interstate 5 is a limited access Highway, classified as part of the National Highway System (NHS). I-5 is also a designated freight route and a federal North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) route. I-5 is the primary north-south interstate roadway facility for the pacific coast states (Washington, Oregon and California). North of the Harrison Avenue interchange, I-5 is a six-lane facility (three general purpose lanes in each direction). South of the Harrison Avenue interchange, I-5 is a four-lane facility with two general purpose lanes in each direction. WSDOT recently completed a system of collector-distributor (C-D) lanes parallel to I-5 between the Harrison Avenue and Mellen Street interchanges. Two barrier-separated C-D lanes run north and south, outside of the I-5 mainline lanes, providing local access for vehicles traveling between the interchanges without having to merge onto I-5. A more detailed description of the principal arterials, minor arterials and major collectors are included in the Technical Memorandum – Existing Conditions (Attachment 2). SECTION 6 6-1 Existing Traffic Conditions and Deficiencies Operational analysis was conducted at fifteen intersections to assess the level of delay and potential safety deficiencies. Vehicle counts were collected at the fifteen study intersections during a typical weekday afternoon in summer. Twelve of the intersection are signalized, two intersections are two-way stop controlled, and one is one-way stop controlled (table 3). 6.1 Safety The crash history from 2012 – 2016 for the fifteen study intersections within the City of Centralia are profiled below (Tables 3 and 5). Table 4 summarizes all crashes within the City of Centralia from 2012- 2016 by crash type and the percent of total crashes. Over a quarter of all crashes were rear end crashes. This type of crash is common for areas with relatively congested conditions. Just under one-third of crashes were angle crashes. This type of crash is common where closely spaced accesses/driveways are present or other unprotected left-turns occur. Table 3. Crashes by Type, Citywide Crash Type Count Percent of Total Rear End 393 26% Angle 454 30% Fixed Object 209 14% Sideswipe Same Direction 158 11% Pedestrian/Bike 64 4% Head On/Sideswipe Opposite Direction 27 2% Noncollision 12 1% Other 186 12% Total 1,503 100% Table 5 lists crashes by severity. Crashes are classified as property damage only (PDO), injury, fatal, or pedestrian/bicycle related. Overall, there was a total of 1,503 crashes within Centralia between 2012 and 2016, with less than one perfect resulting in a fatality and approximately 4% involving a pedestrian or bicycle. Table 4. Crashes by Severity, Citywide Years of Crashes PDO Crash Injury Crash Fatal Crash Pedestrian/Bicycle Crash Total 2012-2016 1,054 (70%) 382 (25%) 3 (<1%) 64 (4%) 1,503 (100%) Notes: PDO = Property Damage Only SECTION 6 – EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 6-2 One of the fatal crashes recorded excessive speed as the contributing factor, one was alcohol-related, and one was due to driver illness. The majority of crashes (70%) were property damage only crashes with no injuries reported. Four percent of crashes were pedestrian- or bicycle-related crashes. Table 6 summarizes the crashes at the study area intersections by year. Table 5. Average Yearly Crashes by Study Intersection Intersection Name Crashes by Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total 1 West Reynolds Avenue & Harrison Avenue 0 1 2 1 1 5 2 West Reynolds Avenue & Pearl Street 1 2 1 2 4 10 3 Harrison Avenue & I-5 Southbound Ramps 4 8 10 21 10 53 4 Harrison Avenue & I-5 Northbound Ramps 10 5 3 5 5 28 5 West Main Street & Pearl Street 2 3 2 2 1 10 6 West Main Street & Tower Avenue 1 2 4 0 3 10 7 Mellen Street & I-5 Southbound Ramps 0 2 0 7 1 10 8 Mellen Street & I-5 Northbound Ramps 1 4 1 2 6 14 9 Mellen Street & Yew Street 8 3 2 1 1 15 10 Cherry Street & Pearl Street 1 3 0 2 4 10 11 Cherry Street & Tower Avenue 2 1 2 2 0 7 12 West Main Street & Yew Street 1 2 3 0 1 7 13 West 1st Street & Harrison Avenue 1 1 2 2 4 10 14 Summa Street & Gold Street 0 3 1 6 3 13 15 Summa Street & Kresky Avenue 5 3 2 2 2 14 Total 37 43 35 55 46 216 The intersection of Harrison Avenue and the I-5 Southbound Ramps had the highest number of crashes (53) and the intersection of Harrison Avenue and the I-5 Northbound Ramps had the second highest number of crashes (28) over the five-year study period. Both of these intersections are signalized I-5 ramp terminals, which are characterized by higher vehicle volumes and a higher percentage of drivers that are unfamiliar with the area when compared with other intersections within the study area. These intersections also underwent major construction projects during the analysis period. The changes in traffic operations or signage may have contributed to higher rates of crashes during the construction period. 6.1.1 Existing Traffic Deficiencies The project team conducted traffic operational analyses at key intersections within the study area to assess the existing operational conditions and identify deficiencies. This section summarizes the existing traffic conditions and the resulting operational level of service (LOS) at each study intersection. Level of services measures delay during the peak travel hour when traffic volumes are heaviest. SECTION 6 – EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 6-3 6.1.1.1 Mobility Standards State Highway Mobility Standards State highway mobility standards are included in the WSDOT Highway System Plan (HSP) as a method to gauge reasonable and consistent standards for traffic flow along state highways. These mobility standards consider the significance (statewide, regional) and location (rural, urban) of each state highway. Mobility standards are based on the Highway Capacity Manual definitions of level of service at an intersection, and are defined by the jurisdiction under which the intersection is maintained. Four of the study intersections are governed by WSDOT HSP standards. These are the I-5 northbound and southbound ramp terminals at the Harrison Avenue and Mellen Street interchanges. The WSDOT HSP sets the standard mobility for statewide significant urban highways at LOS D. Lewis County Mobility Standards Lewis County standards are used to evaluate intersections under Lewis County jurisdiction. The Lewis County operational standard is LOS D for urban intersections, which include the following six locations: West Reynolds Avenue at Pearl Street, West Main Street at Pearl Street, West Main Street at Tower Avenue, Cherry Street at Pearl Street, Cherry Street at Tower Avenue, and Mellen Street at Yew Street. City of Centralia Mobility Standards City of Centralia mobility standards are used to evaluate intersections under City of Centralia jurisdiction. The City of Centralia operational standard is LOS D, and applies to the following five intersections: West Reynolds Avenue at Harrison Avenue, West Main Street at Yew Street, West 1st Street at Harrison Avenue, Summa Street at Gold Street, and Summa Street at Kresky Avenue. 6.1.1.2 Intersection Operations Today, thirteen of fifteen intersections meet level of services standards. In most cases, the average level of delay for a vehicle during peak travel period remains around 30 seconds or less at the studied intersections. Table 6 presents the existing intersection delays and the resulting LOS for the study intersections. Intersection delays higher than the mobility standards may indicate areas of congestion. Intersection delays lower than the mobility standards likely indicate the intersection operates at acceptable levels of mobility per its jurisdiction. All but three intersections operate better than the WSDOT, Lewis County and City of Centralia LOS thresholds (Table 6). One intersection currently operates at the LOS D threshold, and two of the study intersections exceed the LOS threshold. The westbound stop-controlled approach on West 1st Street at Harrison Avenue operates at LOS D, with average delays of approximately 30 seconds per vehicle. Although this location meets the standard, the intersection may experience increased delays in the future and could exceed its LOS D threshold. Both intersections exceeding the LOS D standard are two-way stop controlled locations on Summa Street, where east-west traffic must stop. The intersection with Gold Street operates at LOS E, with vehicles experiencing approximately 36 seconds of delay on average. Summa Street at Kresky Avenue operates at LOS F, with vehicles experiencing over 100 seconds of delay on average at the stop controlled approaches. Both intersections are located at the south end of the viaduct between Pearl Street/Tower Avenue and Gold Street/Kresky Avenue, where north-south traffic is not required to stop. East-west traffic on Summa Street must stop, and vehicles observe noticeable delays as they attempt to find acceptable gaps in traffic before turning onto or crossing the major street traffic stream. Gold Street and Kresky Avenue are both principal arterials with relatively high volumes in the p.m. peak hour as they provide a parallel to I-5 between Centralia and Chehalis. Map 3 compares the LOS standards with the observed LOS results for the study intersections. SECTION 6 – EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 6-4 Table 6. Existing 2017 PM Peak Hour Intersection Operations Summary Intersection Name Intersection Control Type Jurisdiction LOS Standard Existing 2017 LOS Delay 1 West Reynolds Ave & Harrison Avenue Signal Centralia D C 30.5 2 West Reynolds Avenue & Pearl Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia D C 29.3 3 Harrison Avenue & I-5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia D C 27.7 4 Harrison Avenue & I-5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia D C 24.8 5 West Main Street & Pearl Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia D B 12.5 6 West Main Street & Tower Avenue Signal Lewis Co/Centralia D B 13.0 7 Mellen Street & I-5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia D A 9.9 8 Mellen Street & I-5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia D B 11.2 9 Mellen Street & Yew Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia D B 14.4 10 Cherry Street & Pearl Street Signal Lewis County D B 10.8 11 Cherry Street & Tower Avenue Signal Lewis County D B 17.5 12 West Main Street & Yew Street Signal Centralia D B 10.2 13 West 1st Street & Harrison Avenue OWSC Centralia D D 31.1 14 Summa Street & Gold Street TWSC Centralia D E 35.5 15 Summa Street & Kresky Avenue TWSC Centralia D F 113.0 OWSC – One-way stop controlled TWSC – Two-way stop controlled LOS – Level of service Delay is reported in average seconds per vehicle. Bold text/shaded cells indicate the intersection exceeds the capacity standard of LOS D; i.e. it operates LOS E or F. Stop controlled intersection results are reported for the worst minor street approach only. 6.2 Transit Services and Facilities Twin Transit operates the local bus service in the Centralia-Chehalis area. Twin Transit provides accessible fixed-route, deviated route and paratransit service. Paratransit service provides door-to-door accommodations for qualified individuals between any locations within ¾-mile of a Twin Transit fixed route. This service is reservation-based and may be combined with fixed-route deviations to meet demand. Qualified paratransit clients can request fixed-route deviation service which involves a fixed- route bus traveling ‘off-route’ for a few blocks to pick up and drop off the passenger, then traveling back to its fixed route. Twin Transit buses provide seating for two wheelchairs per bus. Twin Transit buses also provide bike racks with a capacity of two bikes per bus. Paratransit buses provide seating for three wheelchairs. Twin Transit operates eight buses on four fixed routes on weekdays and Saturdays. No Sunday service is provided. Route 12 – Chehalis – serves the South Chehalis area on an hourly basis between approximately 5:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. on weekdays, and between 8:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. on Saturdays. This route SECTION 6 – EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 6-5 serves the Lewis County courthouse, W.F. West High School, the Port of Chehalis, and downtown Chehalis. Route 21 – Centralia – serves downtown Centralia in the northeast via Pearl Street, and areas to the west via Cooks Hill Road. Routes run on half hourly headways between 6:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. on weekdays and between 8:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. on Saturdays. This route provides access to Centralia College and the Amtrak Centralia Station. Route 22 – West Centralia – provides service between downtown Centralia and Hoss Road (near the Lewis County line) via primarily Harrison Avenue and Main Street. This route serves the Centralia Factory Outlets retail/shopping district, as well as Centralia Middle and High schools. Busses run between 5:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. on weekdays and between 8:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. on Saturdays on hourly headways. Route 30 – Intercity Express – connects downtown Centralia to downtown Chehalis via the SR 507 Viaduct, Gold Street and Kresky Avenue, and National Avenue. This route stops at the Centralia Amtrak Station, retail destinations, and the Lewis County Museum. Weekday departures occur roughly every half hour between 6:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. Saturday service also operates on half-hour headways and runs between 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. The White Pass Community Services Coalition operates the LEWIS Mountain Highway Transit (MHT) which provides fixed-route transit service between Centralia/Chehalis and Packwood via Morton. This service is available to residents of Lewis County Monday through Friday with three daily roundtrip runs. Westbound service from Packwood departs at approximately 6:00 a.m., 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., while eastbound service from Chehalis departs at approximately 7:45 a.m., 12:45 p.m., and 5:45 p.m. The fare for each trip is $3 per person per boarding, and discounts are available for multi-trip weekly or month passes. Twin Transit and the Centralia Train Depot are located adjacent one another near the intersection of Railroad Avenue and Pine Street. The Twin Transit operating facilities consist of 900 square feet of space for administration, 6,800 square feet of space for maintenance, and 12,200 square feet for bus storage. The Centralia Train Depot serves as a transfer point between bus routes. Twin Transit serves a park-and-ride facility at Mellen Street and I-5 (Centralia). Another park-and-ride facility is located at Main Street and I-5 (Chehalis), but is not served by Twin Transit fixed routes. Both park-and-ride lots are maintained by WSDOT. The Greyhound Bus Station is on Twin Transit Centralia Route 21 and shares operating space with a local gas station near the intersection of Mellen Street and Marsh Avenue. This station primarily functions as a passenger loading and unloading point for three north-south routes. Routes 1420, 1440, and 1436 provide service between Seattle and Portland with local stops in Tacoma, Olympia, Centralia, Kelso and Vancouver. Greyhound busses arrive and depart Centralia three times daily. Thirteen bus shelters are located on or near principal and major arterials within the study area. Shelter locations on principal or minor arterials are listed below. Map 4 shows Twin Transit stop locations and routes. Amtrak Cascades serves the Centralia/Chehalis area with a depot in downtown Centralia. It operates along the Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail lines. Annual average ridership at the Centralia depot is roughly 19,000 boardings and alightings per year. Currently there are five passenger trains daily in each direction. Additional rail information is discussed in the Freight (Rail and Truck) section. The Lewis County Convention & Visitors Bureau (CVB) provides free local trolley service between downtown and the Centralia Outlet Mall during designated seasonal events. The trolley route originates at the Rail Depot in downtown and travels to Harrison Avenue where it terminates at the Outlet Mall. SECTION 6 – EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 6-6 Private transportation is available in Centralia through multiple taxi services or on-demand ride sharing services. Taxis providing door-to-door service can be pre-arranged with multiple companies serving the Centralia and Chehalis area. Uber, a private ride service that connects drivers and riders through an online application, is available in Centralia and can provide services in town and to regional or statewide destinations. Lyft, a similar on-demand private rideshare service, is not available in Centralia. 6.3 Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities Pedestrian connections exist as sidewalk facilities along the major arterials, such as Harrison Avenue and 1st Street, and in the Central Business District. Pedestrian access in the West City neighborhood is less available, especially adjacent to public schools. In the Cooks Hill neighborhood, piecemeal portions of sidewalk facilities are present along Harrison Avenue and Cooks Hill Road. Providing appropriate and comprehensive pedestrian connections that link neighborhoods to commercial nodes and services will allow the City to close modal gaps within the City. Designated bicycle paths and routes help those traveling by bike to locate safe, direct connections to areas they want to access. There are bicycle lanes along portions of Harrison Avenue and on segments within the Central Business District. Most of the existing bicycle network is located in the City Center neighborhood. Some roadways are signed as bicycle routes but do not have specific bicycle facilities such as painted lanes or adjacent paths. There are few bicycle facilities on streets that connect schools and parks to neighborhoods or commercial areas. Future street improvement and development projects should address gaps in the non-motorized network as reconstruction, resurfacing or striping occurs. Recreational trails provide linkages to open spaces, natural corridor areas, and commercial areas. Existing recreational trails include the Seminary Hill Natural Area and the Chehalis Discovery Trail located outside of the city limits near the sewage treatment facility. These trails allow for connection to Centralia’s natural features. The purpose of establishing a system of bicycle and pedestrian facilities that connect neighborhoods to commercial nodes is to provide transportation options and choices for Centralia’s residents and workers, including those unable or who choose not to drive. Expansion of the existing non-motorized network will complete a comprehensive system of nodes and connections while providing safe, economical access. 6.3.1 Conditions and Deficiencies Sidewalk facilities along arterials, collectors, and adjacent to schools within the study area are primarily in good condition. Sidewalks in good condition are defined as five (5) feet wide or more with only minor signs of damage and cracking, but are still easily navigable. A few sidewalks along major roadways in substandard condition. Substandard conditions is defined as less than five (5) feet wide, showed significant damage and cracking or presented a barrier for people with disabilities or using mobility devices. Sidewalks along both sides of arterials and collectors in downtown Centralia are in good condition. They are easily navigable for persons with disabilities or using mobility devices. There are no sidewalks on Reynolds Avenue, Scammon Creek Road, Pearl Street north of Fifth Street. Sidewalks are missing along portions of Harrison Avenue between Caveness Drive and Russell Road. A small section of Galvin Road west of Oakland Road has sidewalks on one side, but otherwise lacks sidewalks. Sidewalks are on both sides of Cooks Hill Road from Military Road west to Scheuber Road and one side from Scheuber Road to just west of Landing Way. Sidewalks on East Magnolia Street are sufficient between North Gold and Wilding Streets. There are no sidewalks along Seminary Hill Road, notably between the Seminary Hill Natural Area and downtown (Table 8). SECTION 6 – EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 6-7 Within city limits there is a pedestrian trail network in the Seminary Hill Natural Area. The approximately 3-mile network is comprised of nine designated trails with trailhead access located at the parking lot entrance near the intersection of Locust Street and Barner Drive. The Chehalis River Discovery Trail opened in September 2006 and travels south from the Centralia treatment plant along the Chehalis River for about 1.5 miles. It is located on city-owned property outside of the city limits. Marked trail access and interpretive signage is located at the terminus of Goodrich Road. All public schools within the study area are served by sidewalks along a portion of their perimeter with the exception of Centralia High School which has no sidewalks along its perimeter. Centralia Middle School lacks sidewalks on the western edge of the parcel. The two schools are adjacent to Borst Avenue which does not have a sidewalk. All other public schools have sidewalks where the school abuts a local road. Schools where the property is adjacent to residential land generally do not have sidewalks along that boundary. There are two types of bicycle facilities in Centralia: signed bicycle routes and bicycle lanes. Streets with signed bicycle routes are listed in Table 7. Bicycle lanes are provided on Harrison Avenue from First Street to Lowe Street and Harrison Avenue from Belmont Avenue to Johnson Road. Most of the existing bicycle network is located in the eastern part of the city. There are approximately 6.45 miles of bicycle facilities east of I-5. There are less than 0.25 miles of bicycle facilities in the western part of the city. Three public schools on the west side of I-5 do not have access to existing bicycle facilities. Bicycle facilities are generally absent on streets that connect schools and parks to neighborhoods or commercial areas. Future arterial sections of the West Connector and other urban arterial routes will include adequate shoulder widths that allow for the designation of future bike routes. Table 7. Existing Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities Roadway Bicycle Route/Lane Sidewalk Comment Tower Avenue 1st Street to 5th Street Entire corridor Floral Street to Fair Street Poor Sidewalks Pearl Street Entire corridor Summa Street to 6th Street Bike Route Sidewalks both sides Mellen Street Pearl Street to Lakeshore Drive Pearl Street to Scheuber Road Bike Route Sidewalks both sides Cooks Hill Road None Military Road to Landing Way Sidewalk on south side – Scheuber Road to Landing Way Locust Street (Centralia College Boulevard) Pearl Street to Yew Street Yew Street to Rail Line Bike Route Sidewalks both sides Yew Street Mellen Street to Main Street Mellen Street to Main Street Bike Route Sidewalks both sides 1st Street Main Street to M Street Tower Avenue to Lowe Street Bike Route Sidewalks both sides Harrison Avenue 1st Street to Lowe Street None Bike Lane Harrison Avenue Belmont Avenue to Johnson Road None Bike Route Sidewalk on one side 4th Street None Tower Avenue to Oak Street Sidewalks both sides Main Street Oak Street to 1st Street Tower Avenue to 1st Street Bike Route Sidewalks both sides Gold Street None Entire corridor Sidewalks both sides SECTION 6 – EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 6-8 Table 7. Existing Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities Roadway Bicycle Route/Lane Sidewalk Comment May Street None Pearl Street to Marion Street Sidewalk on one side Reynolds Avenue None None None Marion Street None North Tower Avenue to Rhobina Street Sidewalk on one side East Magnolia Street None North Gold Street to Wilding Street Sidewalk on both sides Seminary Hill Road None Wilding Street to City Limits None Woodland Avenue None Mellen Street to Summa Street Sidewalks both sides 6.4 Freight (Rail and Truck) In addition to Amtrak passenger service, there is freight rail service to and from Centralia along the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railroad, Union Pacific Railroad, and Tacoma Railroad. Freight trains switch cars and transfer loads at the Blakeslee Junction. The Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) line crosses streets at three grade-separated crossings: East 6th Street, North Pearl Ave and North Tower Avenue. The Tacoma Rail’s Mountain Division line interconnects and interchanges rail cars at a switchyard near the intersection of East Maple Street and North Gold Street. Transferring loads and interconnecting freight cars causes congestion and delays among freight cars. WSDOT recently implemented new rail connections at Blakeslee Junction to reduce congestion at crossing streets by increasing passing speed among rail cars. The Union Pacific Railroad provides rail freight connection between the Port of Centralia and the Blakeslee Junction switchyard. Truck route locations are important for understanding the flow of freight movement through the city. I-5 is a significant freight route and carries interstate and international freight. The City of Centralia has signed, designated truck routes, including the following: • West 1st Street from Harrison Avenue to Pearl Street • South Viaduct and Gold Street from Floral Street to Chestnut Street • Mellen Street/Alder Street/Cherry Street from I-5 to Tower Avenue • Harrison Avenue from Johnson Road to the County line/city limits Other streets in the city are designated truck routes, but may not be signed, including the following: • Galvin Road/Reynolds Avenue from the west city limits to Pearl Street • Johnson Road from Reynolds Avenue to Harrison Avenue • Scheuber Road/Oakland Avenue • Harrison Avenue/Main Street from I-5 to Tower Avenue • Yew Street from Mellen Street to Main Street • Cooks Hill Road/Mellen Street from Scheuber Road to I-5 • Pearl Street/Tower Avenue • Gold Street and Kresky Avenue from Summa Street to south city limits On West 1st Street and on Johnson Road, trucks are restricted from 6:00 AM to 7:00 PM with truck speeds limited to 20 mph. The Harrison Avenue and Galvin Road/Reynolds Avenue truck routes provide freight connections between the Port of Centralia and I-5. These routes, along with Scheuber Road/Oakland Avenue, are the only truck routes located west of I-5. The truck routes on Gold Street and SECTION 6 – EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 6-9 Cherry Street provide some connectivity between the rail freight routes and I-5. Freight routing is absent on Central Boulevard although it is a common route for freight vehicles that transfer and pick up loads at a local switchyard. There are County designated routes on Cooks Hill Road and Reynolds Avenue. They are not signed at this time. While some routes have been designated, there are also routes regularly used by large trucks that do not follow these designated streets. While the roadways have sufficient capacity, the geometry at intersections does not always permit larger tractor-trailer trucks to use these routes to access their destinations. Future arterial sections of the West Connector will allow for freight route designations. 6.5 Public Air Facilities The nearest public air transportation services are at the Centralia-Chehalis Airport, located approximately 3 miles southwest of the city of Centralia. Historically, average air traffic consists of approximately 130 aircraft operations per day comprised of nearly 50% local general aviation, roughly 40% transient general aviation, approximately 10% air taxi and 1% military. The airport has two (2) concrete runways and both are in good condition. Runway 16/34 is 5,000 feet long and 150-feet wide and has weight limits of 85,000 pounds for double tandem, and 30,000 pounds for single wheel and double wheel aircraft. Access to the airport is via Northwest Airport Road or Northwest Louisiana Avenue. 6.5.1 Private Air Facilities There are six (6) private airports within ten miles of Centralia. • Skyqueen Airport is located 2 miles east of Centralia at Seminary Hill. • Hartly Airport is located 6.7 miles south of Centralia at Chehalis. • Skatter Creek Airport is located 8.4 miles northwest of Centralia at Rochester. • Wissler’s Airport is located 8.7 miles northeast of Centralia at Tenino. • Dwight Field Airport is located 9.1 miles southeast of Centralia at Chehalis. • Sorrel Airport is located 9.3 miles northwest of Centralia at Tenino. 6.6 Water Transportation There are two rivers in the study area – the Chehalis River and Skookumchuck River. The Chehalis River flows into Grays Harbor in Aberdeen and is navigable. Within the study area, the Chehalis River flows parallel and west of I-5, while the Skookumchuck River flows east-west into the Chehalis River and is crossed by I-5. SECTION 7 7-1 Future Conditions and Deficiencies This section summarizes and identifies future travel demand conditions through the year 2037, compliant with the GMA. This long range time frame represents the standard 20-year horizon for long- range planning documents. The identification of future deficiencies was based on a travel demand model that considered future land uses and growth to occur within designated traffic analysis zones. Existing deficiencies were also included in identifying future deficiencies to account for the occurrence of a no build scenario. Future travel conditions were based on existing and projected land uses, traffic volumes, and projected employment and household growth. Specific growth is anticipated to occur in a targeted residential area located in the southeast UGA area. Socio-economic and land use conditions used in the travel demand modeling and analysis were consistent with the remaining elements in the Draft Comprehensive Plan. Existing and “no-build” conditions were included in the analysis and travel demand forecasting in determining future roadway operations deficiencies. Refer to Attachment 2 for details about the forecasting process. Future planned land use and development, employment, and population growth is anticipated to impact existing roadways by stressing the capacity at certain locations and intersections. Travel forecast modeling showed that increased traffic volumes will exceed lead three intersections to performance at LOS F in 2037. They include: Summa Street & Gold Street, Summa Street & Kresky Avenue, and West 1st Street & Harrison Avenue. Table 8. Future Baseline 2037 PM Peak Hour Intersection Operations Summary Intersection Name Intersection Control Type Jurisdiction Existing 2017 Baseline 2037 LOS Delay LOS Delay 1 West Reynolds Ave & Harrison Avenue Signal Centralia C 30.5 D 36.4 2 West Reynolds Ave & Pearl Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia C 29.3 D 53.0 3 Harrison Ave & I-5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia C 27.7 C 34.6 4 Harrison Ave & I-5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia C 24.8 C 28.5 5 West Main Street & Pearl Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia B 12.5 B 15.6 6 West Main Street & Tower Avenue Signal Lewis Co/Centralia B 13.0 B 12.9 7 Mellen Street & I-5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia A 9.9 B 15.1 8 Mellen Street & I-5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia B 11.2 B 11.1 9 Mellen Street & Yew Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia B 14.4 B 16.7 10 Cherry Street & Pearl Street Signal Lewis County B 10.8 B 14.6 11 Cherry Street & Tower Avenue Signal Lewis County B 17.5 C 23.9 12 West Main Street & Yew Street Signal Centralia B 10.2 B 12.3 13 West 1st Street & Harrison Avenue OWSC Centralia D 31.1 F 81.2 14 Summa Street & Gold Street TWSC Centralia E 35.5 F > 180 15 Summa Street & Kresky Avenue TWSC Centralia F 113.0 F > 180 SECTION 7 – FUTURE CONDITIONS AND DEFICIENCIES 7-2 Table 8. Future Baseline 2037 PM Peak Hour Intersection Operations Summary Intersection Name Intersection Control Type Jurisdiction Existing 2017 Baseline 2037 LOS Delay LOS Delay OWSC – One-way stop controlled TWSC – Two-way stop controlled LOS – Level of service Delay is reported in average seconds per vehicle. Bold text/shaded cells indicate the intersection exceeds the capacity standard of LOS D; i.e. it operates LOS E or F Stop controlled intersection results are reported for the worst minor street approach only. During this transportation element update roadway segments were not analyzed. Four roadway segments in the 2007 transportation element were identified to exceed level of service standards in model year 2030. They are included in Table 10. Table 9. Future Roadway Segment Operations Deficiencies (in 2030, as identified in the 2007 City of Centralia Comprehensive Plan: Transportation Element) Intersection/Segment Jurisdiction LOS Signalized/Future (2030 LOS Delay1 (v/c) Harrison Avenue (from Galvin Road to Caveness Drive) Centralia D n/a F (1.04) Harrison Avenue (from Johnson Road to I-5) Centralia D n/a F (1.18) Salzar Valley Road (from Gold Street to Centralia Alpha Road) Centralia D n/a F (.94) North County Interchange at Interstate 5 (at future Downing Rd arterial and I-5) Centralia D n/a F (1.4) 1 Delay reported in average seconds per vehicle. Unsignalized intersection results are reported for the worst minor street approach only. Future worsened conditions on Harrison Avenue can be related to the location of closely spaced intersections and driveway approaches. In addition, when industrial, employment and population growth were factored in, the travel demand model showed stressed capacity in the future at existing interchanges. Expanded transportation options such as increased transit service and expanded bicycle or pedestrian facilities, transportation demand management, operational improvements or capacity increases may be necessary to maintain the adopted level of service standards. SECTION 8 8-3 Funding Strategies The Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA) requires a funding strategy for the transportation element that includes an analysis of funding capability to judge needs against probable funding resources, and a multi-year financing plan based on the needs identified in the comprehensive plan. The funding plan should cover the 6-year Transportation Improvement Plan. If probable funding falls short of meeting identified needs, additional funding will must be raised, land use assumptions or level of service standards must be reassessed to ensure that standards are met. Transportation capital improvements are typically expensive and funded through a variety sources. All funding sources are affected by changes in the economy, political priorities, and grant program eligibility requirements and scoring criteria. Typical funding sources include local sources, including: real estate excise taxes, the street fund/fuel taxes, transportation benefit districts, and the paths and trails fund. The City anticipates that that anticipates $22,738,000 will be needed to fund transportation projects from 2017 to 2022. Based on annual revenue averages from the previous four years (2014-2017), the City can anticipate approximately $10.6 million in local funds would be available for TIP projects (Attachment 3). This revenue also funds street preservation and maintenance. To close the funding gap, the City could pursue state and federal grants, increase existing taxes, or leverage projects with intergovernmental interest to share cost burdens with other jurisdictions. Potential sources of revenue include: • Transportation Benefit District (TBD): The City enacted a TBD in 2016 with a 0.2% sales tax levy, providing $450,000 in 2016 and an anticipated $650,000 in 2017 in new revenue (Table 1). The City could consider increasing the tax levy; for every 0.1% increase in the TBD sale tax levy, the City could conservatively expect an additional $250,000 in annual revenue. • The Transportation Improvement Board (TIB): The TIB distributes grant funding, generated by a three cents sales tax, to cities and counties for transportation projects. TIB administers a number of competitive grant programs that City projects would be eligible for. The grant programs range from $3 million to $75 million in available funds. Individual grant awards vary, but generally award between $4 to $5 million. The City has applied for and won TIB grants in the past. • Intergovernmental Coordination: The City could pursue joint funding ventures with adjacent jurisdictions. Transportation projects often cross jurisdictional lines, provide mutual benefit to multiple jurisdictions, or may use another agency’s right-of-way, resulting in cost-sharing opportunities that could save all parties money. Additionally, the City could leverage other utility improvement projects and utility funding, such as water or sewer pipe replacement, to augment transportation project funding. • Other funding sources could include: − City General Funds and Bonds. Many City services compete for general funds, though many jurisdictions do devote some general funds to transportation. The City has also previously floated bonds to pay for capital improvement projects, but bonds must be repaid over time, resulting in an ongoing impact to future transportation funds. − Impact Fees. State law allows local jurisdictions to assess fees for mitigating the transportation impacts of new development. The revenue from these fees may be used for transportation projects in the City’s capital facilities plan; however, the impact fees must be used on projects reasonably related to the impacts of the development, or must reasonably benefit the SECTION 8 – FUNDING STRATEGIES 8-4 development. In practice, impact fee revenue could likely be used for a wide variety of transportation improvement projects. SECTION 9 9-1 Recommended System Improvements and Costs The purpose of this section is to recommend and describe identified system improvements and their associated planning-level costs. Recommended improvements are based on identified existing and anticipated system deficiencies. Recommended improvements were designed to improve operating performance of the system while allowing for cost-effective maintenance. Prioritization for completing the identified system improvements were categorized into high-priority (targeted for near-term implementation), medium-priority (targeted for mid-term implementation), and low-priority (targeted for long-term implementation) or as funding opportunities through redevelopment occurs). Prioritization of the projects was determined according to performance evaluation criteria. Cost estimates are provided for the recommended system improvements and detailed cost sheets and assumptions are discussed in Attachment 4. The recommended improvements are listed in Table 11. SECTION 9 – RECOMMENDED SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS AND COSTS 9-2 This page intentionally left blank. SECTION 9 – RECOMMENDED SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS AND COSTS 9-3 Table 10. Recommended Capital Improvement Projects Project Number Title From/To Description Priority Project Cost (2017) Freight/Truck F-1* Truck route wayfinging Harrison Ave: Harrison Avenue from Sandra to I-5 N. Pearl: On N. Pearl from northern city limits to Reynolds Scheuber Road: Scheuber Road/Oakland from West Connector (once constructed) to Galvin Yew Street: Yew Street from Mellen to Main Cook Hill Road: S. Scheuber to I- 5 Pearl Street: W. Cherry to W. Reynolds Tower Avenue: W. Cherry to W. 6th Kresky Avenue: southern city limits to S. Tower Avenue Sign designated truck routes throughout Centralia. Medium $11,500 F-2 Galvin Truck Route ext. On Galvin/Reynolds from N. Pearl to western City limits Extend Galvin Road truck route designation to city limits and sign Medium $13,650 F-3 West Connector truck route On Forom and new West connection road (const. began 2009) from Harrison to Airport road Designate truck route on west connector High $13,650 F-4 Central truck route On 6th (from Tower to B sty) on B sty (from 6th to Kearny), on Kearny (from B to Central), On Central to terminus Designate and provide signage on route to connect truck routes to rail switch yard Medium $13,650 F-5 Johnson truck route On Johnson from Harrison to Galvin Truck access restricted to 10 pm to 6 am daily (provide signage) High $13,650 Roadway Capacity C-R1 Downing Road Extension On Downing from Old Highway 99 to North Pearl Extend from current terminus to Old Hwy 99, widen and designate to 4 lane major collector Medium $19.63 mil C-R2 Blair Extension On Blair Road from Old Hwy 99 to Hobson Road Upgrade to 4/5 lane principal arterial road Low $6.5-11.7 mil C-R3 Salzer Valley Road On Salzer Valley Road from National to Centralia Alpha Provide two-way left turn lanes with left turn pockets at intersections Low $2.2 mil C-R4* Downing/I-5 Interchange At Downing Road arterial and I-5 Construct new interchange at construction of Downing Road arterial Medium $34.9 mil C-R5 North County Interchange At future Downing Road arterial extension and I-5 Construct new interchange upon construction of Downing Road arterial extension Medium $35.36 mil C-R6 Harrison Access Management On Harrison from Galvin to Caveness Reconstruct driveways and/or close off intersections to remove conflicts Low TBD C-R7* Schueber & Cooks Hill Rd At Schueber & Cooks Hill Rd Intersection Add left turn pockets on all 3 approaches and signalize Medium $2.4 mil C-R8 Mellen Street Gateway Connector I-5 to Mellen Street Construct new road from I-5/Mellen Street interchange to Yew Street Extension Medium $4.82 mil C-R9 Mellen Street Gateway Connector Extension Yew Street Extension to Alder Street Construct new road to extend from the intersection of Mellen Gateway Connector/Yew Street Extension to Alder Street (aligned with either Long Road or a new road further east of Long Road). Medium $2.4 mil C-R10 Yew Street Extension Improvement Yew Street from Mellen Street to South Street Reconstruct Yew Street, and construct new extension south to South Street. Medium $5.7 mil Intersection Capacity I-1* Harrison/1st Intersection At Harrison and 1st Street Provide signal or compact roundabout, unsignalized intersection operates at LOS F Medium $476,000 I-2* Pearl/6th Intersection At Pearl Street and 6th Street Provide signal, unsignalized intersection operates at LOS F Medium $476,000 SECTION 9 – RECOMMENDED SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS AND COSTS 9-4 Project Number Title From/To Description Priority Project Cost (2017) Freight/Truck I-3* Summa/Gold Intersection At Summa Street and Gold Street Provide signal or compact roundabout, unsignalized intersection operates at LOS E Medium $1.88 mil I-4* Summa/Kresk y Intersection At Summa Street and Kresky Avenue Provide signal or compact roundabout, unsignalized intersection operates at LOS F Medium $415,000 Safety S-1 Intersection Improvements Intersections improvements with vehicular capacity deficiencies Consider adding crosswalks, ADA ramps, and illumination at intersections where reconstruction is warranted. High TBD S-2 Main/Washing ton Intersection At Main and Washington Provide protected left signal phase at intersection High $325,000 Non-Motorized NM-1 Mellen Bike Route On Mellen from Nick Street to I-5 Provide signage on bike route to indicate connection across I-5 Medium TBD NM-2 Eshom Road Sidewalk On Eshom from Mt Vista to Mayberry Provide 1,200 feet of sidewalk at schools Medium $75 per S.Y. NM-3 Fords Prairie Sidewalk On Harrison from Galvin to Caveness Dr Provide sidewalk at schools Medium $2.6 mil NM-4 Mellen Street Sidewalk On Mellen from Old Access Treatment Plant to CMRR Complete pedestrian connection on Mellen linking to trail network (http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/ I5/MellentoGrandMound/Phase3/) Medium $256 mil NM-5 Mt. Vista Road Bike Lane and Sidewalk On Mt. Vista from Fort Borst Park to Eshom Provide non-motorized facilities to connect community facilities Low TBD NM-6 Johnson Bike Lanes On Johnson from Harrison to Mt. Vista Provide bike lanes to connect residential to commercial Medium $1.3 mil NM-7 Oakland Bike Lanes On Oakland from Galvin to city limits Provide bike route to connect Oakland Medium TBD NM-8 Locust sidewalk On Locust from Berry to Seminary Hill trail Provide sidewalk to connect residential to recreational Low TBD NM-9 Galvin Bridge Trail to Borst Park Trail on Chehalis River from Public Works Facility trail to Fort Borst Park Designate and develop trail along Chehalis River Medium $4.42 mil NM-10 Washington Elementary Spruce Street sidewalk improvements Spruce St from Field Ave to S. Gold Street Build sidewalk in current painted walking zone along Spruce Street to create safe route to school Medium $75 per S.Y. NM-11 Washington Elementary East Chestnut sidewalk improvements East Chestnut Street from Gold Street to S. Diamond Street Build pedestrian facility on Chestnut Street to link to Field Street sidewalks and create a safe route to school Low $75 per S.Y. NM-12 Oakview Elementary Oakview Avenue sidewalk extension E. Oakview Avenue from eastern school perimeter parking lot to Sirkka Street Continue sidewalk from eastern perimeter/ parking lot of Oakview Elementary to Sirkka Street. Low $75 per S.Y. NM-13 Centralia Middle School Allen Avenue sidewalk improvements Allen Avenue from Mt. Vista Road to Borst Avenue Add pedestrian facility on eastern edge of school lot to connect with athletic facilities. Low $75 per S.Y. NM-14 Borst Avenue Improvements Borst Avenue from Johnson Road to Scheuber Road Add pedestrian facility for the length of the project and reconstruct existing roadway with new storm system, signage, and lane markings. Medium $1.95 mil SECTION 9 – RECOMMENDED SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS AND COSTS 9-5 Project Number Title From/To Description Priority Project Cost (2017) Freight/Truck NM-15 Central Boulevard Area Transportation Improvements B Street from 6th Street to Kearney Street, Kearney Street from B Street to Central Boulevard, and Central Boulevard from Kearney Street to north dead end Add sidewalks, curb and gutters along both sides of the street and reconstruct existing roadway with new storm system, signage, and lane markings. Medium $3.38 mil NM-16 Zenkner Valley Road Improvements Zenkner Valley Road from Downing Road to North City Limits Add sidewalks, curb and gutters along one side of the street and reconstruct existing roadway with new storm system, signage, and lane markings. Medium $2.6 mil NM-17 Skookumchuc k Pedestrian/ Bike Ramp Borst Park to Mellen Street Construct ramps from existing Borst Park path to the WSDOT CD lane bridge and to access road south of Skookumchuck River. Medium $2.67 mil NM-18 Alder Street Improvements Alder Street from I-5 CD Lane to Mellen Street Add sidewalks, curb and gutters along both sides of the street and reconstruct existing roadway with new illumination system. Medium $4.34 mil NM-19 Hayes Lake Train Project Bridge Street to Borst Park Construct path from the Hayes Lake public access at Bridge Street along the Skookumchuck River to the existing path adjacent to Borst Lake. Medium $857,000 NM-20 Harrison Avenue Reconstruction Project Harrison Avenue from Johnson Road to Galvin Road Add sidewalks, curb and gutters along both sides of the street and reconstruct existing roadway with new ADA access ramps, signage, and lane markings. Medium $2.21 mil Transit T-1 Designate Public Amenities/ Facilities at Centralia station At Centralia Station Supply public benches, posted fares, and other passenger amenities Medium TBD T-2 Designated loading areas and platform At Centralia Station Designate passenger loading/parking/baggage checking/ticketing areas with signage at appropriate areas High TBD T-4 Twin Transit Route #21 Ext Route #21 on Harrison from Russell to Prairie Extend route #21 on Harrison from Russell to Prairie to connect to Grand Mound Low TBD T-5 LOS Headway Improvements All Twin Transit Routes Improve LOS goals by decreasing headway from 60 to 30 minutes on all routes during peak periods Medium TBD T-6 Transition flag bus stops to permanent roadside stops Determined in partnership with Twin Transit Replace flag bus stops with conventional roadside stops at higher ridership. Where feasible, add bench, shelter and signage Low TBD Maintenance M-1 Galvin Road Galvin Road from Harrison Avenue to West City Limits Plane/remove existing asphalt and place new HMA wearing course. Provide new signs and lane markings. Medium $989,000 M-2 Gold Street Gold Street from Summa Street to Marion Street Plane/remove existing asphalt and place new HMA wearing course. Provide new signs and lane markings. Medium $1.573 mil M-3 Reynolds Avenue Reynolds Avenue from Harrison Avenue to East City Limits Place 2-inch overlay on existing roadway. Provide new signs and lane markings. Medium $608,000 SECTION 9 – RECOMMENDED SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS AND COSTS 9-6 Project Number Title From/To Description Priority Project Cost (2017) Freight/Truck M-4 Scheuber Road Scheuber Road from Borst Avenue to Galvin Road Place 2-inch overlay on existing roadway. Provide new signs and lane markings. Medium $485,000 M-5 Summa Street Summa Street from Woodland Avenue to East City Limits Place 2-inch overlay on existing roadway. Provide new signs and lane markings. Medium $585,000 M-6 Woodland Avenue Woodland Avenue from Alder Street to Summa Street Place 2-inch overlay on existing roadway. Provide new signs and lane markings. Medium $300,000 M-7 Kresky Avenue Kresky Avenue from Viaduct to Scott Johnson Road Plane/remove existing asphalt and place new HMA wearing course. Provide new signs and lane markings. Medium $702,000 M-8 Washington Avenue Washington Avenue from Alder Street to Pear Street Plane/remove existing asphalt and place new HMA wearing course. Provide new signs and lane markings. Medium $780,000 M-9 Cooks Hill Road Cooks Hill Road from Schueber Road to West City Limits Repair existing asphalt with HMA overlay. Provide new signs and lane markings. Medium $650,000 M-10 Harrison Avenue Paving Project Harrison Avenue from the Skookumchuck River Bridge to Johnson Road Plane/repave wearing course and replace substandard ADA access ramps. Provide new signage, lane markings, and inductive traffic loops. Medium $1.43 mil Maps I2 IC §¨¦5 §¨¦5 NTowerAveMellen St H arrison A ve N Pearl StAlder StCooks HillR d W Reynolds Ave D o w n i n g Rd W Main St S Gold StNEKreskyAveGalvin Rd W 6th St S Pearl StSTowerAveN Scheuber RdS Scheuber RdNNationalAveKresky AveOakland AveSkookumchuckRiverChe h a lis R iv e rCh ehalis Riv er THURSTON COUNTY LEWIS COUNTY CENTRALIA Source: CH2M (2006, Updated 2017), Lewis County (2017), WSDOT Map 1Functional RoadwayClassificationsCentralia, WA Local RoadwayMinor CollectorMajor CollectorMinor ArterialPrincipal ArterialInterstate Future County ArterialCollector-Distributor (CD) Lane I2 Amtrak Station IC Hospital Centralia City LimitsUrban Growth Area 0 0.5 1 Miles ± §¨¦5 §¨¦5 NTowerAveMellen St H arrison A ve N Pearl StAlder StCooks HillR d W Reynolds Ave D o w n i n g Rd W Main St S Gold StNEKreskyAveGalvin Rd W 6th St S Pearl StSTowerAveN Scheuber RdS Scheuber RdNNationalAveKresky AveOakland AveI2 IC SkookumchuckRiverChe h a lis R iv e rCh ehalis Riv er THURSTON COUNTY LEWIS COUNTY CENTRALIA Source: CH2M (2006, Updated 2017), Lewis County (2017), WSDOT Map 2Signalized Arterial Intersectionsand Speed Limits, 2017Centralia, WA 20 MPH25 MPH30 MPH35 MPH40 MPH50 MPH+ Signalized Intersection I2 Amtrak Station IC Hospital Centralia City LimitsUrban Growth Area 0 0.5 1 Miles ± I2 IC §¨¦5 §¨¦5 NTowerAveMellen St H arrison A ve N Pearl StA lder S tCooks HillR d W ReynoldsAve Do w n i n g Rd W Main St S Gold StNEKreskyAveGalvin Rd W 6th St S Pearl StSTowerAveN Scheuber RdS Scheuber RdNNationalAveKresky AveOakland AveSkookumchuckRiverChe h a lis R iv e rCh ehalis River LOS FLOS E THURSTON COUNTY LEWIS COUNTY CENTRALIA kk kk k kkk k kk kk k kkk kk kkk k k Source: CH2M (2006, Updated 2017), Lewis County (2017), WSDOT Crash Dataset (2012 - 2016) Map 3Existing Operational Deficiencies and CrashLocationsCentralia, WA Crash Resulting in Injury k 5 - 20 crashes k 21 - 40 crashes k 41 - 53 crashes Intersection exceedsLOS Standard I2 Amtrak Station IC Hospital Centralia City LimitsUrban Growth Area 0 0.5 1 Miles ±LOS = Level of Service 1 serious injury crash §¨¦5 §¨¦5 NTowerAveMellen St H arrison A ve N Pearl StA lder S tCooks HillR d W ReynoldsAve Do w n i n g Rd W Main St S Gold StNEKreskyAveGalvin Rd W 6th St S Pearl StSTowerAveN Scheuber RdS Scheuber RdNNationalAveKresky AveOakland AveI2$ $$$ $ $ $$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $$ $ $ $ $ $ $$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ IC SkookumchuckRiverChe h a lis R iv e rCh ehalis River !(30 !(12 !(21 !(22 !(21 THURSTON COUNTY LEWIS COUNTY CENTRALIA Route 21, 22, 30 Transfer Point at Amtrak Routes 12, 30Transfer Point Source: CH2M (2006, Updated 2017), Lewis County (2017), Twin Transit (2017), WSDOT Map 4Existing Transit RoutesCentralia, WA $Transit Stop $Transfer PointRoute #12Route #21Route #22Route #30 I2 Amtrak Station IC Hospital Centralia City LimitsUrban Growth Area 0 0.5 1 Miles ± I2 IC §¨¦5 §¨¦5 NTowerAveMellen St H arrison A ve N Pearl StA lder StCooks HillR d W ReynoldsAve Do w n i n g Rd W Main St S Gold StNEKreskyAveGalvin Rd W 6th St S Pearl StSTowerAveN Scheuber RdS Scheuber RdNNationalAveKresky AveOakland Ave4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 SkookumchuckRiverChe h a lis R iv e rCh ehalis River #15LOS F #13LOS F #14LOS F THURSTON COUNTY LEWIS COUNTY CENTRALIA Source: CH2M (2006, Updated 2017), Lewis County (2017) Map 5Future Transportation Deficiencies (2037)Centralia, WA Intersection exceeds LOS Standard 4 School I2 Amtrak Station IC Hospital Centralia City LimitsUrban Growth Area Proposed Trail 0 0.5 1 Miles ±LOS = Level of Service Existing 2017 Baseline 2037LOSLOS 1 West Reynolds Ave & Harrison Avenue C D 2 West Reynolds Ave & Pearl Street C D 3 Harrison Ave & I-5 Southbound Ramps C C 4 Harrison Ave & I-5 Northbound Ramps C C 5 West Main Street & Pearl Street B B 6 West Main Street & Tower Avenue B B 7 Mellen Street & I-5 Southbound Ramps A B 8 Mellen Street & I-5 Northbound Ramps B B 9 Mellen Street & Yew Street B B 10 Cherry Street & Pearl Street B B 11 Cherry Street & Tower Avenue B C 12 West Main Street & Yew Street B B 13 West 1st Street & Harrison Avenue D F 14 Summa Street & Gold Street E F 15 Summa Street & Kresky Avenue F F Intersection Name I2 IC §¨¦5 §¨¦5 NTowerAveMellen St H arrison A ve N Pearl StA lder StCooks HillR d W ReynoldsAve Do w n i n g Rd W Main St S Gold StNEKreskyAveGalvin Rd W 6th St S Pearl StSTowerAveN Scheuber RdS Scheuber RdNNationalAveKresky AveOakland AveSkookumchuckRiverChe h a lis R iv e rCh ehalis River THURSTON COUNTY LEWIS COUNTY CENTRALIA F-3 F-5 F-4 F-2 I-2 I-4 I-1 I-3 M-7 M-8 M-6 M-4 M-5 M-10 M-9 M-1 M-3 M-2 NM-11 NM-1 NM-10 NM-9 NM-12 NM-13NM-2 NM-19 NM-6 NM-16 NM-8 NM-18 NM-3 NM-15 NM-14 NM-20 NM-7 NM-17 NM-5 NM-4 C-R9C-R7 C-R4 C-R6 C-R10 C-R1 C-R8 C-R2 C-R3 C-R5 S-2 T-2 T-1 T-4 Source: CH2M (2006, Updated 2017), Lewis County (2017), WSDOT Map 6Recommended SolutionsCentralia, WA I2 Amtrak Station IC HospitalRecommended SolutionsFreight/TruckIntersection Capacity MaintenanceNon MotorizedRoadway CapacitySafetyTransit Centralia City LimitsUrban Growth Area 0 0.5 1 Miles ± Project Title Type Description F-1 Truct Route Wayfinding Freight/Truck Sign designated truck routes throughout Centralia. C-R4 Downing/I-5 Interchange Roadway Capacity Construct new interchange at construction of Downing Road arterial. S-1 Intersection Improvements Safety Consider adding crosswalks, ADA ramps, and illumination at intersections where reconstruction is warranted. T-5 LOS Headway Improvements Transit Improve LOS goals by decreasing headway from 60 to 30 minutes on all routes during peak periods T-6 Transition flag bus stops to permanent roadside stops Transit Replace flag bus stops with conventional roadside stops at higher ridership. Where feasible, add bench, shelter and signage. Multiple Locations I2 IC 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 §¨¦5 §¨¦5 NTowerAveMellen St H arrison A ve N Pearl StA lder StCooks HillR d W ReynoldsAve Do w n i n g Rd W Main St S Gold StNEKreskyAveGalvin Rd W 6th St S Pearl StSTowerAveN Scheuber RdS Scheuber RdNNationalAveKresky AveOakland AveSkookumchuckRiverChe h a lis R iv e rCh ehalis River THURSTON COUNTY LEWIS COUNTY CENTRALIA Source: CH2M (2006, Updated 2017), Lewis County (2017), WSDOT Map 7Pedestrian and Bicycle FacilitiesCentralia, WA 4 School I2 Amtrak Station IC Hospital Bike Lane or RouteSidewalk, both sidesSidewalk, one sidePoor SidewalkNo Sidewalk Centralia City LimitsUrban Growth Area 0 0.5 1 Miles ± Attachment 1 Existing Conditions 1 Centralia Comprehensive Plan – Transportation Element Update: Existing Conditions PREPARED FOR: Jan Stemkoski, City of Centralia Emil Pierson, City of Centralia COPY TO: Kirsten Pennington/CH2M HILL Kate Drennan/CH2M HILL PREPARED BY: Kate Bradbury/CH2M HILL Terry Yuen/CH2M HILL DATE: December 29, 2017 Introduction This existing transportation conditions (2017) memorandum for the City of Centralia Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element Update includes an inventory of the existing transportation facilities and a summary of the operating conditions at select intersections. The project team identified existing transportation deficiencies within the City of Centralia to set the foundation for shaping identification and prioritization of multimodal projects and strategies to address long‐range transportation needs through the year 2037. The project team will integrate portions of this memorandum into the Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element. The memorandum covers the following topics:  Study Area  Existing Land Uses  Jurisdiction and Functional Classification of Roadways  Study Area Roadway Facilities  Safety  Existing Traffic Conditions  Transit Facilities  Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation  Air Transportation  Freight (Rail and Truck)  Water Transportation  Summary of Deficiencies and Issues Study Area The study area for the Centralia Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element Update includes area within both the City of Centralia limits and the designated Urban Growth Area (UGA) (see Map 1). Centralia is located approximately 25 miles south of Olympia and 45 miles north of Kelso along Interstate 5 (I‐5) in Washington. Roadway facilities in the study area are under the jurisdiction of the City of Centralia, Lewis County or the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). I‐5 and State Route 507 (SR 507) are major highway facilities located within the study area. I‐5 bisects the city and provides access via two interchanges, and SR 507 provides a northeast connection to Yelm. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 2 The study area includes primarily level terrain with some rising elevations in the eastern portion of the city. The confluence of the Chehalis and Skookumchuck rivers is located within the study area as well as Fort Borst, Hayes, and Plumber lakes. A significant portion of the study area is sensitive to flooding. Existing Land Uses In Centralia, the most common land uses are commercial, industrial, and low density residential. Other land uses include rural, very low and medium density residential, public facilities and parks, and open space. (See Centralia Land Use Map, Centralia Comprehensive Plan, Adopted November 22, 2016) Commercial development is primarily clustered along the I‐5 corridor on either side of the Harrison Street and Mellen Street interchanges or along the SR 507 corridor and Main Street in the Central Business District (CBD) downtown. Additional commercial development is located in the southeast portion of the city surrounding Gold Street and Kresky Avenue. Industrial land is largely along Harrison Avenue, west of I‐5 in the northeastern portion of the city. Other industrial areas are located outside the city limits within the UGA. The primary land use within the city, as measured by total acreage, is residentially‐zoned land. Significant residential concentrations are located in the southwest portion of the city, west of the Chehalis River, surrounding the CBD, and to the east of the CBD and rail lines. Additional rural and very low density residential land uses are located east of I‐5 and north of the city limits within the UGA. Public facilities are dispersed throughout the city. There is a large public area east of I‐5 at the south end of the city. Centralia High School is outside the city limits, but within the UGA. Population and job growth are anticipated within the study area due to increased pressure on already densely populated urban areas in the state (such as Seattle, Tacoma, and Vancouver) and pending industrial development. Jurisdiction and Functional Classification of Roadways East of I‐5 the roadway network for the City of Centralia is a grid pattern with many parallel roads and intersecting cross‐streets. Historically the grid pattern paralleled the north‐south railroad and that pattern exists today in the downtown area. The City of Centralia has jurisdiction over most of the roadways within the study area. I‐5 and SR 507 are owned and maintained by WSDOT. Lewis County has jurisdiction over several roadways within the Centralia UGA. Most of the City’s roadways are classified as local roadways with some classified as arterials or collectors (see Map 1). The City of Centralia has six roadway functional classifications:  Interstate Highways—Interstate highways have the highest roadway classification and serve larger volumes of interstate and regional traffic at higher speeds when traffic permits. Access is controlled and connections are generally to other interstate highways, principal arterials and minor arterials.  Principal Arterials—Principal arterials provide a high level of mobility with limited access and signal control. High volumes of traffic and freight travel at a range of speeds; trips on principal arterials are typically for longer distances within the city (e.g. in excess of 2 miles) or through the city. Connections are made to interstate highways, other principal arterials, minor arterials, major collectors and minor collectors.  Minor Arterials –Minor arterials provide a high level of mobility with more access and signal control as compared to principal arterials. High volumes of traffic travel at a range speeds. Trips are generally shorter than principal arterial trips and often remain within the city. Connections are made to interstate highways, principal arterials, other minor arterials, major collectors, and minor collectors. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 3  Major Collectors—Major collectors provide a slightly lower level of mobility with a higher level of access and control. Speeds will be limited when compared to some arterials. Through‐trips are not typical on major collectors. Connections are made to principal arterials, minor arterials, other major collectors, minor collectors and local roadways.  Minor Collectors – Minor collectors provide medium to low levels of mobility with a high level of access. Minor collectors typically have low traffic volumes and travel speeds. Minor collectors do not carry through‐trips and connections are made to principal arterials, minor arterials, major collectors, other minor collectors, and local roadways.  Local Roadways—Local roadways provide the highest level of access while limited to a low level of speed. Local roadways do not carry through‐traffic. Trips on local roadways are short and connections are usually made to major or minor collectors. Table 1 lists jurisdiction (ownership) and functional classification information for the interstate, arterial and collector roadways located within the city. Information is relevant for segments within the study area only. Table 1. Roadway Functional Classification and Ownership Roadway Jurisdiction Functional Classification 1 Interstate 5 (I‐5) WSDOT Interstate Highway 2 SR 507/Pearl Street (Main St to Viaduct) Centralia Principal Arterial 3 SR 507/Tower Avenue (Main St to Viaduct) Centralia Principal Arterial 4 Harrison Avenue (I‐5 to Yew St) Centralia Principal Arterial 5 Main Street (Yew St to Tower Ave) Centralia Principal Arterial 6 Kresky Avenue (Viaduct to south city limit) Centralia Principal Arterial 7 Gold Street (Viaduct to south city limit) Centralia Principal Arterial 8 SR 507/Pearl Street (Main St to Howard Ave) Centralia Minor Arterial 9 SR 507/Tower Avenue (Main St to West 6th St) Centralia Minor Arterial 10 SR 507/Mellen Street (I‐5 to Alder St) Centralia Minor Arterial 11 SR 507/Alder Street (Mellen St to Cherry St) Centralia Minor Arterial 12 SR 507/Cherry Street (Alder St to Tower Ave) Centralia Minor Arterial 13 Harrison Avenue (I‐5 to north city limit) Centralia Minor Arterial 14 Reynolds Avenue Centralia Minor Arterial 15 Galvin Road Lewis County Minor Arterial 16 Oakland Avenue Centralia Minor Arterial 17 Scheuber Road Lewis County Minor Arterial 18 West 1st Street Centralia Major Collector 19 Yew Street Centralia Major Collector 20 Washington Avenue Centralia Major Collector 21 Summa Street Centralia Major Collector 22 Tower Avenue (Floral St to Chestnut St) Centralia Major Collector 23 Pearl Street (Summa St to Chestnut St) Centralia Major Collector 24 Airport Road Lewis County Major Collector 25 Cooks Hill Road Lewis County/Centralia Major Collector 26 Locust Street (Centralia College Boulevard) Centralia Major Collector 27 Johnson Road Centralia Major Collector CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 4 Table 1. Roadway Functional Classification and Ownership Roadway Jurisdiction Functional Classification 28 Eshom Road Centralia Major Collector 29 Woodland Avenue Centralia Major Collector 30 Borst Avenue Centralia Major Collector 31 West 4th Street Centralia Major Collector 32 West 1st Street Centralia Major Collector 33 Maple Street Centralia Major Collector 34 Floral Avenue Centralia Major Collector 35 Salzer Valley Road Lewis County/Centralia Minor Collector 36 Seminary Hill Road Lewis County/Centralia Minor Collector 37 Little Hanaford Road Lewis County Minor Collector Sources: Lewis County (2017), Washington State Department of Transportation Functional Classification Map Study Area Roadway Facilities The following sections describes the major roadways within the study area according to the Federal Highway Administration’s functional classification designation. Interstate Interstate 5 (I‐5) Interstate 5 is a limited access facility that provides access between the United States borders with Canada and Mexico. It is the primary north‐south interstate roadway facility for the pacific coast states (Washington, Oregon and California), and is a designated freight route. I‐5 is part of the National Highway System (NHS). North of the Harrison Avenue interchange, I‐5 is a six‐lane facility (three general purpose lanes in each direction). South of the Harrison Avenue interchange, I‐5 is a four‐lane facility with two general purpose lanes in each direction. WSDOT recently completed a system of collector‐distributor (C‐D) lanes parallel to I‐5 between the Harrison Avenue and Mellen Street interchanges. Two barrier‐separated C‐D lanes run north and south, outside of the I‐5 mainline lanes, providing local access for vehicles traveling between the interchanges without having to merge onto I‐5. In 2016, the average daily traffic (ADT) volume on I‐5 at the Thurston‐Lewis county line (milepost 85.57) was approximately 66,000 vehicles. The percentage of heavy vehicles on I‐5 at this location, per WSDOT permanent traffic recorder (R019), was approximately 16 percent. Traffic volumes on I‐5 within Centralia were slightly lower at approximately 49,000 vehicles per day at the Harrison Avenue overcrossing (milepost 82.73) and approximately 57,000 vehicles per day at the Mellen Street interchange (milepost 81.67). South of Mellen Street, traffic volumes on I‐5 in 2016 were approximately 73,000 vehicles per day in both travel directions. WSDOT manages a network of cameras along I‐5 that capture real‐time On‐ramp to I‐5 northbound from Harrison Avenue CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 5 traffic conditions to support incident response and active congestion monitoring. Traffic cameras on I‐5 are located near the Galvin Road/Reynolds Avenue crossing and near the Chehalis‐Centralia Airport. Travelers access I‐5 within Centralia at either the Harrison Avenue interchange or the Mellen Street interchange, where traffic signals at the ramp terminals intersect with the arterial network. Principal Arterials Pearl Street and Tower Avenue (SR 507) Pearl Street and Tower Avenue serve Centralia’s downtown area and form a one‐ way road couplet. Traffic on Pearl Street travels southbound while traffic on Tower Avenue travels northbound. Both roadways have two lanes, with designated parallel parking on both sides of the street and multiple driveway accesses. There are sidewalks on both sides of the streets. These roadways are principal arterials south of Main Street, while north of Main Street they are designated as minor arterials. Gold Street and Kresky Avenue Gold Street and Kresky Avenue are designated principal arterials and maintain the one‐way couplet orientation from Pearl Street and Tower Avenue until the southern Centralia city limits. Traffic on Gold Street travels southbound while traffic on Kresky Avenue travels northbound. Both roads have two travel lanes with multiple driveway accesses to business and residential uses. Harrison Avenue Harrison Avenue is a principal arterial east of I‐5 and a minor arterial west of I‐5. East of I‐5, Harrison Avenue is the primary east‐west roadway that links downtown to the I‐5 freeway, and provides access to many commercial and retail businesses and industrial sites. Harrison Avenue varies between two travel lanes in each direction with a center two‐way left‐turn median, separate turning lanes closer to I‐5, and as a dual‐direction, single travel lane roadway closer to Main Street. Much of the traffic traveling to and from the city relies on the I‐5/Harrison Avenue interchange because it is located adjacent to retail activity and provides a direct route into Centralia’s downtown and major residential areas. Pearl Street looking south towards Main Street Main Street looking east towards Tower Avenue CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 6 Main Street Main Street is an east‐west principal arterial connecting Tower Avenue and Pearl Street to Harrison Avenue. The street generally has one travel lane in each direction, sometimes separated by a center two‐way left‐turn lane, with parallel parking, driveway access, and sidewalks on both sides of the road. Minor Arterials Pearl Street and Tower Avenue (SR 507) North of Main Street, Pearl Street and Tower Avenue are designated as minor arterials. They serve Centralia’s downtown area and form a one‐way road couplet between Main Street and West 6th Street. Pearl Street operates as the southbound facility with Tower Avenue as the northbound roadway. North of West 6th Street, northbound traffic continues on Pearl Street, a two‐way, undivided facility with one travel lane in each direction. Mellen Street (SR 507) Mellen Street is a minor arterial running east‐ west serving the south end of the city. From I‐5 it connects with Alder Street west of downtown and extends to Cooks Hill Road east of I‐5. The Mellen Street interchange provides access to a concentration of medical facilities on the west side of I‐5, and serves as a direct route to the southern portion of downtown, east of I‐5. The Mellen Street undercrossing of I‐5 facilitates traffic in the westbound direction only; eastbound traffic on Mellen Street is routed to a new overcrossing approximately 0.30 miles south of Mellen Street via the southbound collector‐distributor lanes (parallel to I‐5). From this new overcrossing, traffic travels north on Ellsbury Street to Mellen Street eastbound. Harrison Avenue Harrison Avenue west of I‐5 is designated as a minor arterial. Between I‐5 and Caveness Drive, Harrison Avenue has two travel lanes in each direction, separated by a center two‐way left‐turn lane. Harrison Avenue provides access to many businesses. Further west, the roadway narrows to a single lane in each direction where it intersects with Reynolds Avenue/Galvin Road and continues northwest towards the Thurston‐Lewis County line. Reynolds Avenue and Galvin Road Reynolds Avenue is an east‐west minor arterial located north of the Harrison Avenue interchange stretching from Pearl Street to I‐5, where it changes to Galvin Road. Reynolds Avenue is an important connection to SR 507. Galvin Road is an east‐west minor arterial that intersects Harrison Avenue stretching from the western city limits to I‐5. Galvin Road serves industrial traffic in the northeast of the city. Main Street looking west from Yew Street Mellen Street looking eastbound towards I‐5 CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 7 Oakland Avenue and Scheuber Road Oakland Avenue is a north‐south minor arterial located west of I‐5. Oakland Avenue carries primarily residential traffic. This roadway is designated as a link to a potential new north‐south connection over the Chehalis River connecting Cooks Hill Road at Scheuber Road. Alder Street and Cherry Street Alder Street and Cherry Street are east‐west minor arterials that connect Mellen Street to Pearl Street and Tower Avenue. Alder Street and Cherry Street comprise segments of SR 507. Major Collectors Yew Street Yew Street is a major collector operating in the north‐south direction connecting Mellen Street and Main Street. Traffic signals were installed at the intersections to facilitate turning movements. Yew Street has one travel lane in each direction and primarily provides residential access. Cooks Hill Road Cooks Hill Road is a major collector providing east‐west access between the I‐5/Mellen Street interchange and businesses and residences along the southwest limit of the city’s UGA boundary. Locust Street (Centralia College Boulevard) Locust Street is a major collector operating in the east‐west direction serving Centralia College and connecting Yew Street and Washington Avenue to Pearl Street, Tower Avenue and Gold Street. Washington Avenue Washington Avenue is a major collector operating in the north‐south direction connecting First Street, Main Street and Alder Street. Washington Avenue serves Edison Elementary School and Centralia College. Summa Street Summa Street is a major collector operating in the east‐west direction connecting Woodland Avenue to Pearl Street, Tower Avenue and Gold Street. East of Pacific Avenue, Summa Street becomes Salzer Valley Road, a minor collector. This road serves Jefferson‐Lincoln Elementary School. Airport Road Airport Road provides access to the Chehalis‐Centralia Airport and to Northwest Louisiana Avenue in Chehalis further south. Other Major Collectors Johnson Road, Eshom Road, and Woodland Avenue are additional north‐south major collector streets in Centralia. Borst Avenue, Marion Street, Fourth Street, First Street, Maple Street, and Floral Avenue are additional east‐west collector streets in the city. Minor Collectors Roads designated as minor collectors are generally on the UGA border or outside of UGA boundaries. Salzer Valley Road, Seminary Hill Road, Little Hanaford Road, and the west end of Cooks Hill Road are minor collectors. Yew Street facing north towards Mellen Street CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 8 Lanes and Speed Limits Physical roadway characteristics can contribute to potential roadway issues or problem areas. Most roadways within Centralia are undivided four‐lane or two‐lane facilities, although some are separated with center two‐way left‐turn lanes or other forms of medians. Roads within Centralia generally are posted with speeds of 25 or 30 miles per hour (mph) with some roadways characterized by speeds of 35 or 40 mph. Table 2 lists the number of lanes (total of both directions) and speed limits for arterial and collector roadways within the study area. Table 2. Lanes and Posted Speed Limits – Arterials and Collectors Roadway Number of Lanes Posted Speed (mph) 1 Harrison Avenue – City Limits to Reynolds Road 2 40 2 Harrison Avenue – Reynolds Road to Caveness Road 3 30 3 Harrison Avenue – Caveness Road to Main Street 5 30 4 Oakland Avenue – Galvin Road to Cooks Hill Road 2 30 5 Main Street – Harrison Avenue to Tower Avenue 2 30 6 Galvin Road – I‐5 to Northpark Road 2 30 7 Galvin Road – Northpark Road to Gallagher Road 3 30 8 Galvin Road – Gallagher Road to City Limits 2 30 9 Reynolds Road – I‐5 to Pearl Street 2 35 10 Mellen Street – Oakland Avenue to Alder Street 2 30 11 Alder Street – Mellen Street to Cherry Street 2 25 12 Cherry Street – Alder Street to Tower Avenue 2 25 13 Pearl Street – Downing Road to Chestnut Street 2 25 14 South Viaduct Street – Chestnut Street to Summa Street 2 30 15 Gold Street – South Viaduct Street to City Limits 2 35 16 Tower Avenue – Marion Street to Kresky Avenue 2 25 17 Kresky Avenue – Tower Avenue to City Limits 2 35 mph – miles per hour Note: If the physical characteristics vary on a street segment, this summary table lists the primary characteristic (for example, if a roadway segment is primarily two lanes and is one lane for a short segment, it will be listed in the table as two lanes). Traffic Control Traffic control is critical for traffic flow and safety. Most intersections in the city are stop controlled, where vehicles on at least one approach leg of the intersection is controlled by a stop sign. The majority of the signalized intersections are concentrated in the downtown area and along the roads connecting I‐ 5 to the downtown area (Map 2). Of the intersections analyzed for traffic existing and future conditions, 12 intersections are signalized and 3 are stop controlled, as listed in Table 3. Table 3. Intersection Control Type (Traffic Study Intersections Only) Intersection Name Intersection Control Type Jurisdiction 1 West Reynolds Ave & Harrison Avenue Signal Centralia 2 West Reynolds Ave & Pearl Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 3 Harrison Ave & I‐5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 4 Harrison Ave & I‐5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 9 Table 3. Intersection Control Type (Traffic Study Intersections Only) Intersection Name Intersection Control Type Jurisdiction 5 West Main Street & Pearl Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 6 West Main Street & Tower Avenue Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 7 Mellen Street & I‐5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 8 Mellen Street & I‐5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 9 Mellen Street & Yew Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 10 Cherry Street & Pearl Street Signal Lewis County 11 Cherry Street & Tower Avenue Signal Lewis County 12 West Main Street & Yew Street Signal Centralia 13 West 1st Street & Harrison Avenue OWSC Centralia 14 Summa Street & Gold Street TWSC Centralia 15 Summa Street & Kresky Avenue TWSC Centralia OWSC – One‐way stop controlled TWSC – Two‐way stop controlled Safety Crash history for the City of Centralia and the specific study intersections within Centralia’s UGA are profiled below (Tables 4 and 6). WSDOT provided historical crash data from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016. The project team analyzed the data for potential crash patterns that could be a result of existing geometric or operational deficiencies. Table 4 summarizes all crashes within the City of Centralia from 2012‐2016 by crash type and the percent of total crashes. Table 4. Crashes by Type, Citywide Crash Type Count Percent of Total Rear End 393 26% Angle 454 30% Fixed Object 209 14% Sideswipe Same Direction 158 11% Pedestrian/Bike 64 4% Head On/Sideswipe Opposite Direction 27 2% Noncollision 12 1% Other 186 12% Total 1,503 100% Over a quarter of all crashes were rear end crashes. This type of crash is common for areas with relatively congested conditions. Just under one‐third of crashes were angle crashes. This type of crash is common where closely spaced accesses/driveways are present or other unprotected left‐turns occur. Table 5 lists crashes by severity. Crashes are classified as property damage only (PDO), injury, fatal, or pedestrian/bicycle related. Overall, there was a total of 1,503 crashes within Centralia between 2012 and 2016. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 10 Table 5. Crashes by Severity, Citywide Years of Crashes PDO Crash Injury Crash Fatal Crash Pedestrian/Bicycle Crash Total 2012‐2016 1,054 (70%) 382 (25%) 3 (<1%) 64 (4%) 1,503 (100%) Notes: PDO = Property Damage Only One of the fatal crashes recorded excessive speed as the contributing factor, one was alcohol‐related, and one was due to driver illness. The majority of crashes (70%) were property damage only crashes with no injuries reported. Four percent of crashes were pedestrian‐ or bicycle‐related crashes. Table 6 summarizes the crashes at the study area intersections by year. Table 6. Average Yearly Crashes by Study Intersection Intersection Name Crashes by Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total 1 West Reynolds Avenue & Harrison Avenue 0 1 2 1 1 5 2 West Reynolds Avenue & Pearl Street 1 2 1 2 4 10 3 Harrison Avenue & I‐5 Southbound Ramps 4 8 10 21 10 53 4 Harrison Avenue & I‐5 Northbound Ramps 10 5 3 5 5 28 5 West Main Street & Pearl Street 2 3 2 2 1 10 6 West Main Street & Tower Avenue 1 2 4 0 3 10 7 Mellen Street & I‐5 Southbound Ramps 0 2 0 7 1 10 8 Mellen Street & I‐5 Northbound Ramps 1 4 1 2 6 14 9 Mellen Street & Yew Street 8 3 2 1 1 15 10 Cherry Street & Pearl Street 1 3 0 2 4 10 11 Cherry Street & Tower Avenue 2 1 2 2 0 7 12 West Main Street & Yew Street 1 2 3 0 1 7 13 West 1st Street & Harrison Avenue 1 1 2 2 4 10 14 Summa Street & Gold Street 0 3 1 6 3 13 15 Summa Street & Kresky Avenue 5 3 2 2 2 14 Total 37 43 35 55 46 216 The intersection of Harrison Avenue and the I‐5 Southbound Ramps had the highest number of crashes (53) and the intersection of Harrison Avenue and the I‐5 Northbound Ramps had the second highest number of crashes (28) over the five‐year study period. Both of these intersections are signalized I‐5 ramp terminals, which are characterized by higher vehicle volumes and a higher percentage of drivers that are unfamiliar with the area when compared with other intersections within the study area. Existing Traffic Conditions The project team conducted traffic operational analyses at key intersections within the study area to assess the existing operational conditions and identify deficiencies. This section summarizes the existing traffic conditions and the resulting operational level of service (LOS) at each study intersection. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 11 Study Intersections and Raw Traffic Counts The project team collected intersection turning movement counts for the 15 study area intersections listed in Table 3. The team collected intersection data on typical weekday afternoons in June 2017. The team collected vehicle counts in 15‐minute intervals for a 2‐hour window during the afternoon peak period, which typically occurs between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. Appendix A includes the raw traffic count data used in this analysis. Mobility Standards State Highway Mobility Standards State highway mobility standards are included in the WSDOT Highway System Plan (HSP) as a method to gauge reasonable and consistent standards for traffic flow along state highways. These mobility standards consider the significance (statewide, regional) and location (rural, urban) of each state highway. Mobility standards are based on the Highway Capacity Manual definitions of level of service at an intersection, and are defined by the jurisdiction under which the intersection is maintained. Four of the study intersections are governed by WSDOT HSP standards. These are the I‐5 northbound and southbound ramp terminals at the Harrison Avenue and Mellen Street interchanges. The WSDOT HSP sets the standard mobility for statewide significant urban highways at LOS D. Lewis County Mobility Standards Lewis County standards are used to evaluate intersections under Lewis County jurisdiction. The Lewis County operational standard is LOS D for urban intersections, which include the following six locations: West Reynolds Avenue at Pearl Street, West Main Street at Pearl Street, West Main Street at Tower Avenue, Cherry Street at Pearl Street, Cherry Street at Tower Avenue, and Mellen Street at Yew Street. City of Centralia Mobility Standards City of Centralia mobility standards are used to evaluate intersections under City of Centralia jurisdiction. The City of Centralia operational standard is LOS D, and applies to the following five intersections: West Reynolds Avenue at Harrison Avenue, West Main Street at Yew Street, West 1st Street at Harrison Avenue, Summa Street at Gold Street, and Summa Street at Kresky Avenue. Operational Analysis of Existing Conditions Table 7 presents the existing intersection delays and LOS for the study intersections. For signalized intersections, the team reported LOS and delay for overall intersection operations. For stop controlled intersections, the stop controlled movement with the worst operating performance of both the major and minor approaches define the LOS. The team used Synchro software package (version 8) to assess intersection operations. Appendix B provides the traffic analysis methodology and intersection LOS descriptions. Appendix C provides the complete report output for each intersection. Intersection delays higher than the mobility standards may indicate areas of congestion. Intersection delays lower than the mobility standards likely indicate the intersection operates at acceptable levels of mobility per its jurisdiction. All but three intersections operate better than the WSDOT, Lewis County and City of Centralia LOS thresholds (Table 7). One intersection currently operates at the LOS D threshold, and two of the study intersections exceed the LOS threshold. The westbound stop‐controlled approach on West 1st Street at Harrison Avenue operates at LOS D, with average delays of approximately 30 seconds per vehicle. Although this location meets the standard, the intersection may experience increased delays in the future and could exceed its LOS D threshold. Both intersections exceeding the LOS D standard are two‐way stop controlled locations on Summa Street, where east‐west traffic must stop. The intersection with Gold Street operates at LOS E, with vehicles experiencing approximately 36 seconds of delay on average. Summa Street at Kresky Avenue operates at LOS F, with vehicles experiencing over 100 seconds of delay on average at the stop controlled approaches. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 12 Both intersections are located at the south end of the viaduct between Pearl Street/Tower Avenue and Gold Street/Kresky Avenue, where north‐south traffic is not required to stop. East‐west traffic on Summa Street must stop, and vehicles observe noticeable delays as they attempt to find acceptable gaps in traffic before turning onto or crossing the major street traffic stream. Gold Street and Kresky Avenue are both principal arterials with relatively high volumes in the p.m. peak hour as they provide a parallel to I‐5 between Centralia and Chehalis. Map 3 compares the LOS standards with the observed LOS results for the study intersections. Table 7. Existing 2017 PM Peak Hour Intersection Operations Summary Intersection Name Intersection Control Type Jurisdiction LOS Standard Existing 2017 LOS Delay 1 West Reynolds Ave & Harrison Avenue Signal Centralia D C 30.5 2 West Reynolds Avenue & Pearl Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia D C 29.3 3 Harrison Avenue & I‐5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia D C 27.7 4 Harrison Avenue & I‐5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia D C 24.8 5 West Main Street & Pearl Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia D B 12.5 6 West Main Street & Tower Avenue Signal Lewis Co/Centralia D B 13.0 7 Mellen Street & I‐5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia D A 9.9 8 Mellen Street & I‐5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia D B 11.2 9 Mellen Street & Yew Street Signal Lewis Co/Centralia D B 14.4 10 Cherry Street & Pearl Street Signal Lewis County D B 10.8 11 Cherry Street & Tower Avenue Signal Lewis County D B 17.5 12 West Main Street & Yew Street Signal Centralia D B 10.2 13 West 1st Street & Harrison Avenue OWSC Centralia D D 31.1 14 Summa Street & Gold Street TWSC Centralia D E 35.5 15 Summa Street & Kresky Avenue TWSC Centralia D F 113.0 OWSC – One‐way stop controlled TWSC – Two‐way stop controlled LOS – Level of service Delay is reported in average seconds per vehicle. Bold text/shaded cells indicate the intersection exceeds the capacity standard of LOS D; i.e. it operates LOS E or F. Stop controlled intersection results are reported for the worst minor street approach only. Transit Facilities Twin Transit operates the local bus service in the Centralia‐Chehalis area. Twin Transit provides accessible fixed‐route, deviated route and paratransit service. Paratransit service provides door‐to‐door accommodations for qualified individuals between any locations within ¾‐mile of a Twin Transit fixed route. This service is reservation‐based and may be combined with fixed‐route deviations to meet demand. Qualified paratransit clients can request fixed‐route deviation service which involves a fixed‐ route bus traveling ‘off‐route’ for a few blocks to pick up and drop off the passenger, then traveling back to its fixed route. Twin Transit buses provide seating for two wheelchairs per bus. Twin Transit buses also provide bike racks with a capacity of two bikes per bus. Paratransit buses provide seating for three wheelchairs. Twin CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 13 Transit operates eight buses on four fixed routes on weekdays and Saturdays. No Sunday service is provided. The fixed routes are numbered 12, 21, 22 and 30. Route 12 – Chehalis – serves the South Chehalis area on an hourly basis between approximately 5:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. on weekdays, and between 8:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. on Saturdays. This route serves the Lewis County courthouse, W.F. West High School, the Port of Chehalis, and downtown Chehalis. Route 21 – Centralia – serves downtown Centralia in the northeast via Pearl Street, and areas to the west via Cooks Hill Road. Routes run on half hourly headways between 6:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. on weekdays and between 8:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. on Saturdays. This route provides access to Centralia College and the Amtrak Centralia Station. Route 22 – West Centralia – provides service between downtown Centralia and Hoss Road (near the Lewis County line) via primarily Harrison Avenue and Main Street. This route serves the Centralia Factory Outlets retail/shopping district, as well as Centralia Middle and High schools. Busses run between 5:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. on weekdays and between 8:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m. on Saturdays on hourly headways. Route 30 – Intercity Express – connects downtown Centralia to downtown Chehalis via the SR 507 Viaduct, Gold Street and Kresky Avenue, and National Avenue. This route stops at the Centralia Amtrak Station, retail destinations, and the Lewis County Museum. Weekday departures occur roughly every half hour between 6:00 a.m. and 7:00 p.m. Saturday service also operates on half‐hour headways and runs between 8:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. The White Pass Community Services Coalition operates the LEWIS Mountain Highway Transit (MHT) which provides fixed‐route transit service between Centralia/Chehalis and Packwood via Morton. This service is available to residents of Lewis County Monday through Friday with three daily roundtrip runs. Westbound service from Packwood departs at approximately 6:00 a.m., 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., while eastbound service from Chehalis departs at approximately 7:45 a.m., 12:45 p.m., and 5:45 p.m. The fare for each trip is $3 per person per boarding, and discounts are available for multi‐trip weekly or month passes. Twin Transit and the Centralia Train Depot are located adjacent one another near the intersection of Railroad Avenue and Pine Street. The Twin Transit operating facilities consist of 900 square feet of space for administration, 6,800 square feet of space for maintenance, and 12,200 square feet for bus storage. The Centralia Train Depot serves as a transfer point between bus routes. Twin Transit serves a park‐and‐ride facility at Mellen Street and I‐5 (Centralia). Another park‐and‐ride facility is located at Main Street and I‐5 (Chehalis), but is not served by Twin Transit fixed routes. Both park‐and‐ride lots are maintained by WSDOT. The Greyhound Bus Station is on Twin Transit Centralia Route 21 and shares operating space with a local gas station near the intersection of Mellen Street and Marsh Avenue. This station primarily functions as a passenger loading and unloading point for three north‐south routes. Routes 1420, 1440, and 1436 provide service between Seattle and Portland with local stops in Tacoma, Olympia, Centralia, Kelso and Vancouver. Greyhound busses arrive and depart Centralia three times daily. Thirteen bus shelters are located on or near principal and major arterials within the study area. Shelter locations on principal or minor arterials are listed below. Map 4 shows Twin Transit stop locations and routes.  Oakland Avenue and Borst Avenue  Borst Avenue and Johnson Road  View Avenue and Linda Lane  Belmont Avenue and Earl Street  Harrison Avenue and View Avenue CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 14  West Bridge Street and Harrison Avenue  South Rock Street and Locust Street (Centralia College Boulevard)  Locust Street and Pearl Street  Tower Avenue and Mellen Street  Marsh Avenue and Mellen Street  Ward Street and Marion Street  Logan Street and Marion Street  Pearl Street and Virginia Drive Amtrak Cascades serves the Centralia/Chehalis area with a depot in downtown Centralia. It operates along the Burlington Northern Santa Fe rail lines. Annual average ridership at the Centralia depot is roughly 19,000 boardings and alightings per year. Currently there are five passenger trains daily in each direction. Additional rail information is discussed in the Freight (Rail and Truck) section. The Lewis County Convention & Visitors Bureau (CVB) provides free local trolley service between downtown and the Centralia Outlet Mall during designated seasonal events. People can rent the motorized trolley busses from the CVB at any time during the year for large group events so route schedules vary. The trolley route originates at the Rail Depot in downtown and travels to Harrison Avenue where it terminates at the Outlet Mall. Private transportation is available in Centralia through multiple taxi services or on‐demand ride sharing services. Taxis providing door‐to‐door service can be pre‐arranged with multiple companies serving the Centralia and Chehalis area. Uber, a private ride service that connects drivers and riders through an online application, is available in Centralia and can provide services in town and to regional or statewide destinations. Lyft, a similar on‐demand private rideshare service, is not available in Centralia. Pedestrian and Bicycle Transportation Pedestrian Facilities The team inventoried sidewalk facilities along arterials, collectors, and adjacent to schools within the study area and classified them as good or poor. Sidewalks in good condition were five (5) feet wide or more, and may have shown minor signs of damage and cracking, but were still easily navigable. Sidewalks in substandard condition were less than five (5) feet wide, showed significant damage and cracking or presented a barrier for people with disabilities or using mobility devices. Sidewalks along both sides of arterials and collectors in downtown Centralia are sufficient, meaning they are in good condition and at least five (5) feet wide with only minor signs of damage and cracking. They are easily navigable for persons with disabilities or using mobility devices. Sidewalks are absent on Reynolds Avenue, Scammon Creek Road, Pearl Street north of Fifth Street. Sidewalks are absent along portions of Harrison Avenue between Caveness Drive and Russell Road. A small section of Galvin Road west of Oakland Road has sidewalks on one side, but otherwise lacks sidewalks. Sidewalks are on both sides of Cooks Hill Road from Military Road west to Scheuber Road and one side from Scheuber Road to just west of Landing Way. Sidewalks on East Magnolia Street are sufficient between North Gold and Wilding Streets. Sidewalks are absent along Seminary Hill Road, notably between the Seminary Hill Natural Area and downtown (Table 8). Within city limits there is a pedestrian trail network in the Seminary Hill Natural Area. The approximately 3‐mile network is comprised of nine designated trails with trailhead access located at the parking lot entrance near the intersection of Locust Street and Barner Drive. The Chehalis River Discovery Trail opened in September 2006 and travels south from the Centralia treatment plant along the Chehalis River for about 1.5 miles. It is located on city‐owned property outside of the city limits. Marked trail access and interpretive signage is located at the terminus of Goodrich Road. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 15 Future plans to expand open and recreational space include the development of an impervious trail that follows the Chehalis River and connects the Discovery Trail to Schafer County Park in Lewis County. Sections of this trail plan are located outside of the UGA and will require shared implementation efforts between the County and other agencies. Additional trail plans include the development of a 2.5‐mile trail along the former Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul and Pacific Rail rights‐of‐way. A portion of this planned trail network will cross I‐5 at the Skookumchuck River underpass. All public schools within the study area are served by sidewalks along a portion of their perimeter with the exception of Centralia High School which has no sidewalks along its perimeter. Centralia Middle School lacks sidewalks on the western edge of the parcel. The two schools are adjacent to Borst Avenue which does not have a sidewalk. All other public schools have sidewalks where the school abuts a local road. Schools where the property is adjacent to residential land generally do not have sidewalks along that boundary. Bicycle Facilities There are two types of bicycle facilities in Centralia: signed bicycle routes and bicycle lanes. Streets with signed bicycle routes are listed in Table 8. Bicycle lanes are provided on Harrison Avenue from First Street to Lowe Street and Harrison Avenue from Belmont Avenue to Johnson Road. Most of the existing bicycle network is located in the eastern part of the city. There are approximately 6.45 miles of bicycle facilities east of I‐5. There are less than 0.25 miles of bicycle facilities in the western part of the city. Three public schools on the west side of I‐5 do not have access to existing bicycle facilities. Bicycle facilities are generally absent on streets that connect schools and parks to neighborhoods or commercial areas. Future arterial sections of the West Connector and other urban arterial routes will include adequate shoulder widths that allow for the designation of future bike routes. Table 8. Existing Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities Roadway Bicycle Route/Lane Sidewalk Comment Tower Avenue 1st Street to 5th Street Entire corridor Floral Street to Fair Street Poor Sidewalks Pearl Street Entire corridor Summa Street to 6th Street Bike Route Sidewalks both sides Mellen Street Pearl Street to Lakeshore Drive Pearl Street to Scheuber Road Bike Route Sidewalks both sides Cooks Hill Road None Military Road to Landing Way Sidewalk on south side – Scheuber Road to Landing Way Locust Street (Centralia College Boulevard) Pearl Street to Yew Street Yew Street to Rail Line Bike Route Sidewalks both sides Yew Street Mellen Street to Main Street Mellen Street to Main Street Bike Route Sidewalks both sides 1st Street Main Street to M Street Tower Avenue to Lowe Street Bike Route Sidewalks both sides Harrison Avenue 1st Street to Lowe Street None Bike Lane Harrison Avenue Belmont Avenue to Johnson Road None Bike Route Sidewalk on one side 4th Street None Tower Avenue to Oak Street Sidewalks both sides Main Street Oak Street to 1st Street Tower Avenue to 1st Street Bike Route Sidewalks both sides Gold Street None Entire corridor Sidewalks both sides May Street None Pearl Street to Marion Street Sidewalk on one side Reynolds Avenue None None None CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 16 Table 8. Existing Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities Roadway Bicycle Route/Lane Sidewalk Comment Marion Street None North Tower Avenue to Rhobina Street Sidewalk on one side East Magnolia Street None North Gold Street to Wilding Street Sidewalk on both sides Seminary Hill Road None Wilding Street to City Limits None Woodland Avenue None Mellen Street to Summa Street Sidewalks both sides Air Transportation Public Air Facilities The nearest public air transportation services are at the Centralia‐Chehalis Airport, located approximately 3 miles southwest of the city of Centralia. Historically, average air traffic consists of approximately 130 aircraft operations per day comprised of nearly 50% local general aviation, roughly 40% transient general aviation, approximately 10% air taxi and 1% military. The airport has two (2) concrete runways and both are in good condition. Runway 16/34 is 5,000 feet long and 150‐feet wide and has weight limits of 85,000 pounds for double tandem, and 30,000 pounds for single wheel and double wheel aircraft. Access to the airport is via Northwest Airport Road or Northwest Louisiana Avenue. Private Air Facilities There are six (6) private airports within ten miles of Centralia. •Skyqueen Airport is located 2 miles east of Centralia at Seminary Hill. •Hartly Airport is located 6.7 miles south of Centralia at Chehalis. •Skatter Creek Airport is located 8.4 miles northwest of Centralia at Rochester. •Wissler’s Airport is located 8.7 miles northeast of Centralia at Tenino. •Dwight Field Airport is located 9.1 miles southeast of Centralia at Chehalis. •Sorrel Airport is located 9.3 miles northwest of Centralia at Tenino Freight (Rail and Truck) In addition to Amtrak passenger services there is freight rail service to and from Centralia along the Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railroad, Union Pacific Railroad, and Tacoma Railroad. Freight trains switch cars and transfer loads at the Blakeslee Junction. The Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) line crosses streets at three grade‐separated crossings: East 6th Street, North Pearl Ave and North Tower Avenue. The Tacoma Rail’s Mountain Division line interconnects and interchanges rail cars at a switchyard near the intersection of East Maple Street and North Gold Street. Transferring loads and interconnecting freight cars causes congestion and delays among freight cars. WSDOT recently implemented new rail connections at Blakeslee Junction to reduce congestion at crossing streets by increasing passing speed among rail cars. The Union Pacific Railroad provides rail freight connection between the Port of Centralia and the Blakeslee Junction switchyard. Truck route locations are important for understanding the flow of freight movement through the city. I‐ 5 is a significant freight route and carries interstate and international freight. The City of Centralia has signed, designated truck routes, including the following: CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 17 West 1st Street from Harrison Avenue to Pearl Street South Viaduct and Gold Street from Floral Street to Chestnut Street Mellen Street/Alder Street/Cherry Street from I‐5 to Tower Avenue Harrison Avenue from Johnson Road to the County line/city limits Other streets in the city are designated truck routes, but may not be signed, including the following: Galvin Road/Reynolds Avenue from the west city limits to Pearl Street Johnson Road from Reynolds Avenue to Harrison Avenue Scheuber Road/Oakland Avenue Harrison Avenue/Main Street from I‐5 to Tower Avenue Yew Street from Mellen Street to Main Street Cooks Hill Road/Mellen Street from Scheuber Road to I‐5 Pearl Street/Tower Avenue Gold Street and Kresky Avenue from Summa Street to south city limits On West 1st Street and on Johnson Road, trucks are restricted from 6:00 AM to 7:00 PM with truck speeds limited to 20 mph. The Harrison Avenue and Galvin Road/Reynolds Avenue truck routes provide freight connections between the Port of Centralia and I‐5. These routes, along with Scheuber Road/Oakland Avenue, are the only truck routes located west of I‐5. The truck routes on Gold Street and Cherry Street provide some connectivity between the rail freight routes and I‐5. Freight routing is absent on Central Boulevard although it is a common route for freight vehicles that transfer and pick up loads at a local switchyard. There are County designated routes on Cooks Hill Road and Reynolds Avenue. They are not signed at this time. While some routes have been designated, there are also routes regularly used by large trucks that do not follow these designated streets. While the roadways have sufficient capacity, the geometry at intersections does not always permit larger tractor‐trailer trucks to use these routes to access their destinations. Future arterial sections of the West Connector will allow for freight route designations. Water Transportation There are two rivers in the study area – the Chehalis River and Skookumchuck River. The Chehalis River flows into Grays Harbor in Aberdeen and is navigable. Within the study area, the Chehalis River flows parallel and west of I‐5, while the Skookumchuck River flows east‐west and is crossed by I‐5. Summary of Deficiencies and Issues Based on the review of existing transportation conditions, the team identified the following deficiencies or issues for the 2017 Centralia Comprehensive Pan Transportation Element update. The order does not reflect a prioritization: 1.Operations at Stop‐Controlled Study Intersections – Two key intersections experience significant delays on the stop‐controlled minor approaches. The locations are: Summa Street and Gold Street Summa Street and Kresky Avenue The poor operations are a result of high volumes along the uncontrolled major approaches. When severely delayed motorists disregard safety in an attempt to overcome the delays, it can contribute to higher rates of crashes. 2.Safety – Two intersections recorded relatively high numbers of crashes compared to other study intersections. The intersection of Harrison Avenue and the I‐5 Southbound Ramps had the highest number of crashes (53) and the intersection of Harrison Avenue and the I‐5 Northbound Ramps had CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: EXISTING CONDITIONS 18 the second highest number of crashes (28) over the five‐year study period. All other study intersections recorded 15 or fewer crashes. 3. Signed Truck Routes – West of I‐5, Harrison Avenue from Johnson Road north to the County line/city limits is a signed truck route. Harrison Avenue east of the I‐5 interchange to Main Street is also a truck route but they are not connected and do not present a continuous route from one side of I‐5 to the other. Although many truck route options extend east from the I‐5/Harrison Avenue interchange, it is common for trucks to deviate from designated truck routes to reach their destination. Signing all truck routes would create an easily identifiable network for trucks to travel on when within city limits and encourage trucks to use designated routes rather than local roads which were not designed structurally and geometrically for large tractor trailer trucks. 4. Enforced Truck Routes—Trucks that deviate from designated truck routes can negatively affect the transportation system for all modes of travel. Most city streets are not designed to accommodate truck traffic, either structurally or geometrically. Trucks also put pedestrians or people on bicycles at risk when they do not use the designated routes. 5. Pedestrian and Bicycle Facility Expansions – There are significant gaps in the pedestrian and bicycle network, and the facilities do not connect seamlessly between west Centralia and the walkable areas of downtown. Sidewalk facilities are sufficient in the downtown area, but portions are missing along Harrison Avenue between Fords Prairie Avenue and Caveness Drive. Bicycle routes are signed primarily in the downtown area but only there are only two segments of bike lane. Many of the signed bike routes coincide with common truck routes. Limited bike lanes discourage bike transportation and may create a safety hazard with different modes using the same space. 6. Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities near Schools – Two schools show deficient pedestrian facilities. Centralia High School has no pedestrian facilities along its perimeter. Centralia Middle School lacks pedestrian facilities along its western boundary. The designated arterials and collectors in proximity to these schools do not have bicycle facilities. 7. Transit Facilities – Transit service may not be as expansive in terms of route locations and frequency as desired by the community. Attachment 2 Transportation Element Update Methods and Assumptions 1 Centralia Comprehensive Plan – Transportation Element Update: Methods and Assumptions PREPARED FOR: Jan Stemkoski, City of Centralia Emil Pierson, City of Centralia COPY TO: Kirsten Pennington/CH2M HILL Kate Drennan/CH2M HILL PREPARED BY: Kate Bradbury/CH2M HILL Terry Yuen/CH2M HILL DATE: December 29, 2017 This memorandum outlines the methods and assumptions that will be used for the City of Centralia Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element update. The goal of this memo is to achieve consensus within the project team to help produce consistent and defensible analysis. This memo identifies the analysis years, study area limits, travel demand forecasting and operational analysis and assumptions. Study Area Limits The study area for this project includes the Centralia city limits and portions of the designated Urban Growth Areas (UGAs) of Centralia. Within the study area, 15 existing intersections have been identified for analysis. These study intersections are under various city, county, and state jurisdictions. The selected study locations, control types, and jurisdictions are listed in Table 1. Table 1. Study Intersection Control Type and Ownership Intersection Location Control Type Jurisdiction 1 W Reynolds Ave & Harrison Ave Signal Centralia 2 W Reynolds Ave & Pearl St Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 3 Harrison Ave & I‐5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 4 Harrison Ave & I‐5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 5 W Main St & Pearl St Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 6 W Main St & Tower Ave Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 7 Mellen St & I‐5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 8 Mellen St & I‐5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 9 Mellen St & Yew St Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 10 Cherry St & Pearl St Signal Lewis County 11 Cherry St & Tower Ave Signal Lewis County 12 W Main St & Yew St Signal Centralia 13 W 1st St & Harrison Ave OWSC Centralia 14 Summa St & Gold St TWSC Centralia 15 Summa St & Kresky Ave TWSC Centralia OWSC – One‐way stop‐controlled TWSC – Two‐way stop‐controlled WSDOT – Washington State Department of Transportation CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS 2 Each of the intersections is located on roadways that are identified as part of the City’s functionally classified roadway network. The City’s classification categories are consistent with the federally classified arterial system. Study area roadway functional classifications are listed in Table 2. Table 2. Roadway Functional Classification Functional Classification Roadway From To Interstate Interstate 5 (I‐5) Thurston County line Cowlitz County line Principal Arterial Harrison Ave/Main St I‐5 SR 507/Tower Avenue Principal Arterial SR 507/Pearl St/Tower Ave/Viaduct Main St Summa St Principal Arterial Gold St Summa St South City limit Principal Arterial Kresky Ave Summa St South City limit Minor Arterial Galvin Rd/Reynolds Ave River Heights Rd Pearl St Minor Arterial Harrison Ave Thurston County line I‐5 Minor Arterial Pearl St/Tower Ave Howard Ave Main St Minor Arterial SR 507/Mellen St Scheuber Rd Tower Ave Major Collector W 1st St Harrison Ave Tower Ave Major Collector Yew St Main St Mellen St Major Collector Summa St Woodland Ave Pacific Ave Source: Lewis County (2017) Analysis Years Intersection analysis for the PM peak hour will be analyzed for the conditions listed below.  Existing Year (2017)  Future No Build (2037)  Future Potential Strategies (2037) The existing year of 2017 is selected to provide an assessment of the current facilities and intersection operations. The existing analysis will serve as a basis for comparison with future forecasted conditions. The future forecast year of 2037 was selected to capture changes in traffic and growth through a 30‐ year timeframe horizon. Data Collection Traffic counts will be collected at each of the study intersections in June 2017 on a typical weekday (Tuesday, Wednesday, or Thursday) while classes in the Centralia School District are in session. Vehicle turning movement counts, pedestrian counts, and bicycle counts at each intersection will be collected in the afternoon peak period between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. This afternoon period captures the end‐of‐ workday commute and typically represents a peak in traffic volumes. Traffic signal information, including cycle lengths and phase timings, will be collected via a field visit coinciding with traffic count data collection. Crash data will be collected at all study intersections for the time period between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2016. This data will include information such as crash type, date and time, weather conditions, and crash severity. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS 3 Operational Analysis Methods/Parameters General Parameters Existing conditions will represent traffic volume data collected in 2017 and supplemented with historical data if necessary. The study intersections will be analyzed as a system for the same PM peak hour, which will be determined on a study area wide basis. If volume data collection shows that vehicle volumes peak at significantly different times, then analysis peak hours may be selected by area (for example, the I‐5 interchange intersections may peak at a different time than the intersections on Reynolds Avenue) to best represent a conservative analysis. The Lewis County travel demand model will be used to forecast PM peak hour traffic volumes for the future 2037 conditions. Modeling assumptions and methodology are documented in a separate memorandum Centralia Comprehensive Plan – Transportation Element Update: Forecast Methods and Assumptions. Intersection Analysis Software All intersection analysis will be performed using the Synchro software package (version 8). This software implements methods from the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) and will be used to analyze both signalized and unsignalized intersections. The level‐of‐service (LOS) and intersection delay (average per vehicle) results will be reported using the HCM 2000 methodology, as the HCM 2010 methodology does not support exclusive pedestrian phases. If roundabouts are considered during the project, the SIDRA software package will be used to analyze roundabout operations. Synchro and SIDRA analysis parameters for local intersection operations are detailed in Table 3. Operational parameters are based on Synchro and SIDRA operational parameter protocols established by the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). Table 3. Synchro and SIDRA Intersection Operations Parameters/Assumptions Arterial Intersection Parameter 2017 Existing Future Years Peak Hour Factor (PHF) From traffic count and by intersection (the same PHF will be applied to all movements approaching the intersection). Use 0.85 for intersections with existing PHF < 0.85 Use 0.95 for intersections with existing PHF > 0.85 and < 0.95 If PHF is greater than 0.95, use existing. Conflicting Bikes and Pedestrian per Hour From traffic count, otherwise assume 10 pedestrians/cyclists Same as existing Area Type “Other” for all areas Same as existing Ideal Saturation Flow (for all movements) 1,800 passenger cars per hour per lane (pc/hr/ln) Same as existing Lane Utilization Default software assumptions Same as existing Lane Width From as‐built plans, otherwise assume 12’ If improvements are proposed, use agency standards/plans, otherwise same as existing. Percent Heavy Vehicles From traffic count, by approach, otherwise 2% Same as existing Percent Grade From as‐built plans, otherwise 0% Same as existing Parking Maneuvers per Hour One parking maneuver per hour per legal space (on Pearl Street and Tower Avenue only) Same as existing CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS 4 Table 3. Synchro and SIDRA Intersection Operations Parameters/Assumptions Arterial Intersection Parameter 2017 Existing Future Years Bus Blockages Headway information provided by transit agencies Same as existing Intersection signal phasing and coordination From agency signal phasing sheets, otherwise from field observation Optimized by Synchro, using engineering judgment, assume coordination where practical. Intersection signal timing optimization limits From agency information, otherwise from field observation Between 60 to max of (150 seconds, existing cycle length) Minimum Green time From agency information, otherwise based on MUTCD minimum pedestrian times (minimum of 7 seconds walk time and 3.5 feet per second for flashing don’t walk [FDW] clearance). If no crosswalk: 10 seconds Protected left phase: 15 seconds Protected/permissive left phase: 10 seconds Same as existing Yellow and all‐red time From agency information, otherwise Yellow (Y) = 4 seconds and Red (R) = 1 second Same as existing Right Turn on Red Allow unless prohibited Same as existing SIDRA ‐ Delay and Queue Uncheck “Exclude Geometric Delay” and “HCM Delay Formula” Same as existing SIDRA ‐ Lane Width Single lane approach – Minimum of 15’ Multi‐lane approach – Minimum of 14’ per lane Same as existing SIDRA ‐ Circulating Width Single lane – Minimum of 18’ to 20’ Multi‐lane – Minimum of 15’ per lane Same as existing SIDRA ‐ Entry Radius 90’ to 110’ unless a site specific design is available Same as existing SIDRA ‐ Environment Factor Assume 1.1 for opening year Assume 1.0 for horizon year SIDRA ‐ Capacity Model Assume SIDRA standard Same as existing SIDRA ‐ Roundabout LOS Method Assume same as signalized intersections Same as existing SIDRA ‐ Delay Model Uncheck “Exclude Geometric Delay” and “HCM Delay Formula” Same as existing Mobility Standards Table 4 includes the current mobility standards of WSDOT (for urban areas), Lewis County, and City of Centralia intersections. The mobility standards are based on the Highway Capacity Manual definitions of level of service (LOS), and are applicable to both signalized and unsignalized intersections. The LOS is a qualitative measurement of traffic operations and can generally be described by six letter grades. Each letter grade, from LOS A to LOS F, categorizes operating conditions at an intersection based on the average vehicle delay time in seconds. LOS A generally represents ideal operating conditions with little to no delay and where movements are not influenced by other vehicles on the roadway. LOS F typically represents poor operating conditions, including high delays and extreme congestion. For signalized intersections, the reported LOS will be based on the intersection as a whole; for unsignalized intersections, the reported LOS will be based on the worst minor‐street approach. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS 5 Table 4. Mobility Standards Roadway Jurisdiction Classification LOS Mobility Standard WSDOT (ramp terminals)1 LOS D Lewis County (urban areas and regional arterials) LOS D City of Centralia LOS D 1 Washington State Department of Transportation 2007. 2007‐2026 Washington State Highway System Plan. Crash Summary Crash data will be summarized for all study intersections. This summary will identify the number, type, and severity of crashes that have occurred at each location during the most recent five years of recorded crash data. Serious injuries and fatal injuries at study intersections will be identified. Potential enhancements that could improve safety at the study intersections will be developed as part of the future strategies package. Assessment of potential future safety deficiencies will not be provided. Pedestrian and Bicycle Pedestrian facilities will be identified along each of the federally classified roadways inside the study area noting location (side) and width (greater than or less than five feet). Marked or signed bicycle routes will also be identified within Centralia’s urban growth area. Future proposed improvements will be based upon the identified deficiencies. Transit Current transit service plans, headways, and transit stop locations within the study area will be identified. Future service plans from Twin Transit will be considered in the future conditions assessment. Freight and Rail Existing freight and rail facilities within the study area will be identified. Future planned and programmed projects will be included in the future 2037 conditions. Any identified deficiencies, grade separations or future routes will be proposed for potential improvement strategies. Attachment 3 Forecast Methods and Assumptions 1 Centralia Comprehensive Plan – Transportation Element Update: Forecast Methods and Assumptions PREPARED FOR: Jan Stemkoski, City of Centralia Emil Pierson, City of Centralia COPY TO: Kirsten Pennington/CH2M HILL Kate Drennan/CH2M HILL PREPARED BY: Kate Bradbury/CH2M HILL Terry Yuen/CH2M HILL DATE: December 29, 2017 This memorandum describes the forecasting process and assumptions used in the development of future year travel demand for the City of Centralia Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element update. This memo identifies the study area limits of forecast modeling, the analysis years, and the travel demand forecasting methodology. Study Area Limits The project study area includes 15 existing intersections located within the City of Centralia city limits. Although within city limits, the study intersections are under various city, county, and state jurisdictions. The selected study intersection locations, control types, and jurisdictions are listed in Table 1. Table 1. Study Intersection Control Type and Ownership Intersection Location Control Type Jurisdiction 1 W Reynolds Ave & Harrison Ave Signal Centralia 2 W Reynolds Ave & Pearl St Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 3 Harrison Ave & I‐5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 4 Harrison Ave & I‐5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 5 W Main St & Pearl St Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 6 W Main St & Tower Ave Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 7 Mellen St & I‐5 Southbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 8 Mellen St & I‐5 Northbound Ramps Signal WSDOT/Centralia 9 Mellen St & Yew St Signal Lewis Co/Centralia 10 Cherry St & Pearl St Signal Lewis County 11 Cherry St & Tower Ave Signal Lewis County 12 W Main St & Yew St Signal Centralia 13 W 1st St & Harrison Ave OWSC Centralia 14 Summa St & Gold St TWSC Centralia 15 Summa St & Kresky Ave TWSC Centralia OWSC – One‐way stop‐controlled TWSC – Two‐way stop‐controlled WSDOT – Washington State Department of Transportation CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: FORECAST METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS 2 Analysis Years Intersection analysis for the PM peak hour will be analyzed for the conditions listed below.  Existing Year (2017)  Future No Build (2037)  Future Potential Strategies (2037) The existing year of 2017 is selected to provide an assessment of the current facilities and intersection operations. The existing analysis will serve as a basis for comparison with future forecasted conditions. The future forecast year of 2037 was selected to capture changes in traffic and growth through a 30‐ year timeframe horizon. Forecasting/Modeling Assumptions The Lewis County EMME/2 travel demand model, provided by the Thurston Regional Planning Council, will be used to develop forecasts for the future analysis year. This model is updated to reflect 2040 conditions assuming Centralia’s current land use projections on the anticipated future roadway network. Forecasts will be developed from model data using a post‐processing spreadsheet tool. This spreadsheet tool adjusts the macro‐level modeling forecasts into intersection turning movement volumes using the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 765 – Analytical Travel Forecasting Approaches for Project – Level Planning and Design methodology, which is suitable for planning and operational studies. This post‐processing methodology compares the predicted change in traffic between the existing and future model years, and distributes that difference amongst intersection turning movements. The existing 2017 intersection turning movement volumes will serve as the basis for future turning movement distribution. Where the model indicates negative growth, future traffic volumes will be kept constant unless justified. After this process is completed for each intersection, the turning movement volumes will be balanced between adjacent intersections, when applicable, and will be rounded to the nearest five vehicles for each intersection movement value. The current version of the future Lewis County EMME/2 model reflects the No Build (2037) condition, and includes the regional planned and programmed roadway improvement projects listed in Table 2. Post‐processed volumes for the No Build (2037) condition will be used in the intersection operations analysis software to identify any future roadway deficiencies. Background Projects The future Lewis County EMME/2 travel demand forecasting model reflects 2040 conditions assuming current land use projections and the planned/programmed future roadway network. The projects listed in Table 2 are assumed to be constructed by year 2040 and are included as part of the No Build (2037) condition. These projects are listed in the Lewis County model documentation and have been confirmed to be in the regional model. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: FORECAST METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS 3 Table 2. Assumed 2040 Transportation Improvements Improvement Project Description Reference I‐5 Mellen Street to Grand Mound I‐5 Blakeslee Junction to Grand Mound (Completed February, 2013). Widened four miles of I‐5 from two to three lanes in each direction. Stage 1: I‐5 Mellen Street to Blakeslee Junction (Completed August, 2016). Added collector‐distributor lanes to connect Mellen Street and Harrison Avenue allowing local traffic to reach in‐town destinations without merging into one of two lanes on I‐5. Stage 2: I‐5 Mellen Street to Blakeslee Junction (Expected completion in late 2017). Additional Mellen Street and Harrison Avenue interchange improvements, bridge repair, and realignment of the highway. http://www.wsdot.wa.g ov/Projects/I5/Mellento GrandMound/ Mellen Street Gateway Connector This project includes construction of a new roadway from the I‐ 5/Mellen Street interchange to the intersection of Mellen Street and Alder Street. It includes construction of a roundabout at the intersection of this new road with Mellen and Alder streets, and a new roundabout or traffic signal at the intersection of this new road with Alder Street. City of Centralia Six‐Year TIP1 Alder Street Improvements This project includes widening and reconstruction of Alder Street from the I‐5 collector‐distributor lane to the intersection of Alder Street and Mellen Street. It also includes curb, gutter, sidewalks, and illumination along the length of the project. City of Centralia Six‐Year TIP1 1 City of Centralia Six‐Year Transportation Improvement Program (2016‐2021), adopted 6/9/2015. Potential Strategies Based on any deficiencies identified in the No Build conditions analysis, potential improvement strategies will be developed to address congestion, connectivity, and safety within the study area. One set of potential project strategies will be incorporated into the Lewis County EMME/2 travel demand model, and model forecasts will be post‐processed to attain turning movement volumes reflecting the Potential Strategies (2037) condition. These volumes will be analyzed in the intersection operations analysis software to assess the effectiveness of each potential network improvement. The study intersections will be evaluated against established jurisdictional transportation levels of service standards. From the results of the intersection evaluation (among other evaluation criteria developed), specific projects will be prioritized and documented in the City of Centralia Comprehensive Plan Transportation Element update. Attachment 4 Funding Strategies 1 Centralia Comprehensive Plan – Transportation Element Update: Funding Strategies Technical Memorandum PREPARED FOR: Jan Stemkoski, City of Centralia Emil Pierson, City of Centralia COPY TO: Terry Yuen, CH2M Kate Bradbury, CH2M PREPARED BY: Kate Drennan/CH2M DATE: December 29, 2017 1. Introduction This funding strategies memorandum reviews the estimated costs of transportation improvements improvement and potential funding sources for transportation projects in the City of Centralia 6‐Year Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). Transportation projects identified in this memorandum address deficiencies and needs identified in the TIP (FY 2017‐2022). The Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA) requires a funding strategy for the transportation element that includes: a) An analysis of funding capability to judge needs against probable funding resources; b) A multi‐year financing plan based on the needs identified in the comprehensive plan, the appropriate parts of which shall serve as the basis for the six‐year street, road, or transit program; and c) If probable funding falls short of meeting identified needs, a discussion of how additional funding will be raised, or how land use assumptions will be reassessed to ensure that level of service standards will be met. This funding strategies memorandum addresses GMA requirements by identifying available funding for transportation improvements, evaluating available funding against transportation needs identified in the TIP, quantifying funding gaps, and identifying potential funding sources to meet transportation needs. 2. Current City Funding Transportation capital improvements are typically expensive and funded through a variety sources. All funding sources are affected by changes in the economy, political priorities, and grant program eligibility requirements and scoring criteria. The following section reviews existing local transportation funding sources. Local Sources This section reviews the principal sources of transportation funding for projects in the City’s STIP. Real Estate Excise Tax (REET) The real estate excise tax (REET) is a 0.50% tax imposed on property sales citywide (in addition to the 1.28% Washington State REET). Revenues from the 0.50% local REET tax may be spent on a variety of CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: FUNDING STRATEGIES TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 2 transportation projects (in addition to other capital projects), so long as the project is in the Comprehensive Plan. Transportation capital projects eligible for financing with this portion of the REET include streets, roads, highways, sidewalks, lighting, traffic signals, bridges, and trails. REETs are collected by the County Treasurer and distributed to the City periodically. Annual City revenues for 2017 are projected to be $200,000. REET revenues are particularly volatile compared to other funding sources. Street Fund/Fuel Tax Distributions A portion of the Washington State fuel tax is distributed to the City’s Street Fund on a monthly per capita basis. Washington State currently levies taxes totaling $0.375 per gallon on gasoline and diesel. The City receives about 10.7% of the $0.23 per gallon tax and about 8.3% of the $0.03 tax levies. These funds may be used for transportation system maintenance and a wide variety of capital projects. The City’s share of the statewide gas tax is projected to be $344,500 for 2017. The City’s Street Fund also receives revenues from franchise fees ($180,000 projected for 2017) and sales tax revenue ($300,000 projected for 2017; these revenues are separate from the sales tax levy described as part of the Transportation Benefit District below). Transportation Benefit District The City established a Transportation Benefit District (TBD) in 2015 that levies a 0.20% sales tax within the City, revenues from which are devoted solely to transportation services. The tax expires after 10 years. Paths and Trails Fund Revenues allocated under the Paths and Trails Fund are acquired from the Washington State fuel tax described in the Street Fund summary above. Table 1 below summarizes the City’s transportation funds for the most recent four years. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: FUNDING STRATEGIES TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 3 Table 1: Transportation Revenue FY 2014‐2017 Sources of revenue Revenue (dollars) 2014 2015 2016 2017 Average Street Fund Revenue Funded through sales tax, sanitation franchise fees, federal grants, fuel tax, and miscellaneous other earnings. Local/ State 1,022,000 1,292,000 1,062,000 1,487,000 1,216,000 Federal 576,000 496,000 50,000 0 281,000 Transportation Benefit District Fund Funded through 0.2% local sales tax; may be used on variety of improvement projects Local/ State 0 0 465,000 650,000 557,000 Path and Trails Fund Revenue Funded through interest earnings. Local/ State 1,700 1,800 1,700 1,700 1,700 Total Annual Average 2,056,000 Notes: Revenues and totals are rounded to the nearest thousandth dollar. Actual funding dollars are used for years 2014‐2015 and adopted funding for 2016‐2017. CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: FUNDING STRATEGIES TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 4 3. Future City Funding The City anticipates $22,738,000 will be needed to fund transportation projects from 2017 to 2022. Table 2 summarizes the funding needed for transportation improvements outlined in the TIP. Table 2: Transportation Improvement Program Funding Needs (FY 2017‐2022) Year Total Funding Needed 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 $9,229,000 $2,717,000 $2,602,000 $2,436,000 $4,654,000 $1,100,000 $22,738,000 Source: 6‐Year Transportation Improvement Program (FY2017‐2022) Notes: Funding is rounded to nearest thousandth dollar. Approximately $10.6 million in local funds would be available for TIP projects. However, since these local funds are also used for street preservation and maintenance, the actual amount of local funding available for capital improvements is less. Federal funding programs could make up some of the funding gap, as well as other potential sources of revenue discussed below. Additional Funding Resources To reduce the funding gap, the City could pursue state and federal grants, increase existing taxes, or leverage projects with intergovernmental interest to share cost burdens with other jurisdictions. Potential sources of revenue are described below.  Transportation Benefit District (TBD): The City enacted a TBD in 2016 with a 0.2% sales tax levy, providing $450,000 in 2016 and an anticipated $650,000 in 2017 in new revenue (Table 1). The City could consider increasing the tax levy; for every 0.1% increase in the TBD sale tax levy, the City could conservatively expect an additional $250,000 in annual revenue.  The Transportation Improvement Board (TIB): The TIB distributes grant funding, generated by a three cents sales tax, to cities and counties for transportation projects. TIB administers a number of competitive grant programs that City projects would be eligible for. The grant programs range from $3 million to $75 million in available funds. Individual grant awards vary, but generally award between $4 to $5 million. The City has applied for and won TIB grants in the past.  Intergovernmental Coordination: The City could pursue joint funding ventures with adjacent jurisdictions. Transportation projects often cross jurisdictional lines, provide mutual benefit to multiple jurisdictions, or may use another agency’s right‐of‐way, resulting in cost‐sharing opportunities that could save all parties money. Additionally, the City could leverage other utility improvement projects and utility funding, such as water or sewer pipe replacement, to augment transportation project funding.  Other funding sources could include:  City General Funds and Bonds. Many City services compete for general funds, though many jurisdictions do devote some general funds to transportation. The City has also previously floated bonds to pay for capital improvement projects, but bonds must be repaid over time, resulting in an ongoing impact to future transportation funds.  Impact Fees. State law allows local jurisdictions to assess fees for mitigating the transportation impacts of new development. The revenue from these fees may be used for transportation projects in the City’s capital facilities plan; however, the impact fees must be used on projects reasonably related to the impacts of the development, or must reasonably benefit the CENTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE PLAN – TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE: FUNDING STRATEGIES TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 5 development. In practice, impact fee revenue could likely be used for a wide variety of transportation improvement projects. Attachment 5 Cost Estimates – Methods and Assumptions TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 1 Centralia Transportation Element Update Basis of Estimate Memorandum PREPARED FOR: Jan Stemkoski, City of Centralia COPY TO: PREPARED BY: Ben Kamph, CH2M DATE: December 29, 2017 This memorandum serves to update multiple Class 4 cost estimates from the 2007 Centralia Transportation Element, and estimate new projects recommended in the 2017 Transportation Element. The scope includes regional arterial projects identified in the Lewis County Arterial Analysis Study. The recommended projects for the Centralia Transportation Element are included in Appendix A. There are seven specific projects that were estimated using a historical data‐based estimating methodology (see table 1.1), some of them are updated from 2007 costs. The remaining projects received a 30% escalation to bring all costs to current 2017 dollars. The seven main projects identified for updates are listed below in Table 1.1, and in further detail in Appendix B. Projects spearheaded and funded with other agencies, such as Twin Transit, are not estimated in this document. The estimating accuracy for a 0‐10% Class 4 cost estimate is ‐30% to +50% as described on the chart and table attached (Appendix E). Estimator judgement believes this estimate range to be a realistic range a Class 4 estimate, reflecting a slightly higher probability for costs to be conservative, rather than competitive, at this stage in design. Illustrated below are the Construction Total costs each area in current 2017 dollars. Table 1.1 Centralia TIP Executive Summary Low Range ESTIMATE RANGE High Range ‐30% Downing & I‐5 Interchange (C‐R9) +50% $34,878,000 ‐30% Schueber & Cooks Hill Road (C‐R11) +50% $2,402,000 ‐30% Truck Route Wayfinding (F‐1) +50% $11,500 ‐30% Harrison & 1st Intersection (I‐1) +50% $476,250 ‐30% Pearl & 6th Intersection (I‐2) +50% $476,250 ‐30% Summa Gold Intersection (I‐3) +50% $1,880,000 CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM 2 Low Range ESTIMATE RANGE High Range ‐30% Summa & Kresky Intersection (I‐4) +50% $415,000 The project’s key inclusions are:  Project costs are reported in current 4Q2017 dollars.  Percent based allowances are included for Construction Surveying (0.75%), Traffic Control (8%), Mobilization (10%), Erosion Control (2%), and Contingency (30%).  Two soft cost allowances also included are Construction Engineering (10%), and Design Engineering (13%)  Projects escalated from 2007 costs to 2017 costs utilize the Sound Transit CCI (Construction Cost Index) Forecast (August 2017) of 1.30 (30%). Resources:  WSDOT Bid Tabulation data  CH2MHILL Cost Estimating Database  Estimator Judgement  Sound Transit CCI Forecast (August 2017) (Appendix D) Key Exclusions  Owner Professional Services & Engineering (PS&E), related to lawsuits or cost‐to‐ cure.  This estimate does not include change order, or construction contingency  This estimate does not include hazardous material handling and/or disposal.  Future escalation to midpoint of construction, or to year of expenditure. Validity This estimate was prepared based on project scope details available at the time it was produced. As with all estimates it represents a snapshot in time of what is known about the project and expected to occur. The commodities and energy markets are extremely active at this point in time. Changes in either will have dramatic affects to this estimate. Therefore, this estimate should be viewed in that light and if more than 90 days have passed, or there have been significant changes in the commodity markets, this estimate should be updated and reevaluated. Disclaimer The opinions of cost (estimates) shown, and any resulting conclusions on project financial or economic feasibility or funding requirements, have been prepared for guidance in project evaluation and implementation from the information available at the time the opinion was prepared. The final costs of the project and resulting feasibility will depend on actual labor and material costs, competitive market conditions, actual site conditions, final project scope, implementation schedule, continuity of personnel and engineering, and other variable factors. The recent increases or decreases in material pricing may have a significant impact which is not predictable and careful review or consideration must be used in evaluation of material prices. As a result, the final project costs will vary from the opinions of cost presented herein. Because of these factors, project feasibility, benefit/cost ratios, risks, and funding needs must be carefully reviewed prior to making specific financial decisions or establishing project budgets to help ensure proper project evaluation and adequate funding. Appendix A Lewis County Arterial Analysis Study Project Number Title From/To Description Project Cost (2007) Project Cost (2017) Freight/Truck F‐1* Truck route wayfinging  Harrison Ave: Harrison Avenue from Sandra to I‐5  N. Pearl: On N. Pearl from northern city limits to Reynolds  Scheuber Road: Scheuber Road/Oakland from West Connector (once constructed) to Galvin  Yew Street: Yew Street from Mellen to Main  Cook Hill Road: S. Scheuber to I‐ 5  Pearl Street: W. Cherry to W. Reynolds  Tower Avenue: W. Cherry to W. 6th  Kresky Avenue: southern city limits to S. Tower Avenue Sign designated truck routes throughout Centralia. New project to 2017 Transportation Element $11,500 F‐2 Galvin Truck Route ext. On Galvin/Reynolds from N. Pearl to western City limits Extend Galvin Road truck route designation to city limits and sign $10500 (package) $13,650 F‐3 West Connector truck route On Forom and new West connection road (const. began 2009) from Harrison to Airport road Designate truck route on west connector $10500 (package) $13,650 F‐4 Central truck route On 6th (from Tower to B sty) on B sty (from 6th to Kear y), on Kearny (from B to Central), On Central to terminus Designate and provide signage on route to connect truck routes to rail switch yard $10500 (package) $13,650 F‐5 Johnson truck route On Johnson from Harrison to Galvin Truck access restricted to 10 pm to 6 am daily (provide signage) $10500 (package) $13,650 Roadway Capacity C‐R1 Downing Road Extension On Downing from Old Highway 99 to North Pearl Extend from current terminus to Old Hwy 99, widen and designate to 4 lane major collector $15.1 mil $19.63 mil C‐R2 Blair Extension On Blair Road from Old Hwy 99 to Hobson Road Upgrade to 4/5 lane principal arterial road $5‐9 mil $6.5‐11.7 mil C‐R3 Salzer Valley Road On Salzer Valley Road from National to Centralia Alpha Provide two‐way left turn lanes with left turn pockets at intersections $1.7 mil $2,2 mil C‐R4* Downing/I‐5 Interchange At Downing Road arterial and I‐5 Construct new interchange at construction of Downing Road arterial $27.2 mil $34.9 mil CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Project Number Title From/To Description Project Cost (2007) Project Cost (2017) C‐R5 North County Interchange At future Downing Road arterial extension and I‐5 Construct new interchange upon construction of Downing Road arterial extension $27.2 mil $35.36 mil C‐R6 Harrison Access Management On Harrison from Galvin to Caveness Reconstruct driveway and/or close off intersections to remove conflicts TBD TBD C‐R7* Schueber & Cooks Hill Rd At Schueber & Cooks Hill Rd Intersection Add left turn pockets on all 3 approaches and signalize $2.5 mil $2.4 mil C‐R8 Mellen Street Gateway Connector I‐5 to Mellen Street Construct new road from I‐5/Mellen Street interchange to Yew Street Extension $3.71 million $4.82 mil C‐R9 Mellen Street Gateway Connector Extension Yew Street Extension to Alder Street Construct new road to extend from the intersection of Mellen Gateway Connector/Yew Street Extension to Alder Street (aligned with either Long Road or a new road further east of Long Road). $1.83 million $2.4 mil C‐R10 Yew Street Extension Improvement Yew Street from Mellen Street to South Street Reconstruct Yew Street, and construct new extension south to South Street. $4.36 million $5.7 mil Intersection Capacity I‐1* Harrison/1st Intersection At Harrison and 1st Street Provide signal or compact roundabout, unsignalized intersection operates at LOS F $250,000 $476,000 I‐2* Pearl/6th Intersection At Pearl Street and 6th Street Provide signal, unsignalized intersection operates at LOS F $250,000 $476,000 I‐3* Summa/Gold Intersection At Summa Street and Gold Street Provide signal or compact roundabout, unsignalized intersection operates at LOS E $250,000 $1.88 mil I‐4* Summa/Kresk y Intersection At Summa Street and Kresky Avenue Provide signal or compact roundabout, unsignalized intersection operates at LOS F $250,000 $415,000 Safety S‐1 Intersection Improvements Intersections improvements with vehicular capacity deficiencies Consider adding crosswalks, ADA ramps, and illumination at intersections where reconstruction is warranted. New recommendation TBD S‐2 Main/Washington Intersection At Main and Washington Provide protected left signal phase at intersection $250,000 $325,000 Non Motorized NM‐1 Mellen Bike Route On Mellen from Nick Street to I‐5 Provide signage on bike route to indicate connection across I‐5 TBD TBD NM‐2 Eshom Road Sidewalk On Eshom from Mt Vista to Mayberry Provide 1,200 feet of sidewalk at schools New project $75 per S.Y. CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Project Number Title From/To Description Project Cost (2007) Project Cost (2017) NM‐3 Fords Prairie Sidewalk On Harrison from Galvin to Caveness Dr Provide sidewalk at schools $2.0 mil $2.6 mil NM‐4 Mellen Street Sidewalk On Mellen from Old Access Treatment Plant to CMRR Complete pedestrian connection on Mellen linking to trail network (http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/Projects/ I5/MellentoGrandMound/Phase3/) $197 million (entire corridor from Mellen to Grand Mound) $256 mil NM‐5 Mt. Vista Road Bike Lane and Sidewalk On Mt. Vista from Fort Borst Park to Eshom Provide non‐motorized facilities to connect community facilities TBD TBD NM‐6 Johnson Bike Lanes On Johnson from Harrison to Mt. Vista Provide bike lanes to connect residential to commercial $1.0 mil $1,3 mil NM‐7 Oakland Bike Lanes On Oakland from Galvin to city limits Provide bike route to connect Oakland TBD TBD NM‐8 Locust sidewalk On Locust from Berry to Seminary Hill trail Provide sidewalk to connect residential to recreational TBD TBD NM‐9 Galvin Bridge Trail to Borst Park Trail on Chehalis River from Public Works Facility trail to Fort Borst Park Designate and develop trail along Chehalis River $3.4 mil (includes NM‐ 12) $4.42 mil NM‐10 Washington Elementary Spruce Street sidewalk improvements Spruce St from Field Ave to S. Gold Street Build sidewalk in current painted walking zone along Spruce Street to create safe route to school New project $75 per S.Y. NM‐11 Washington Elementary East Chestnut sidewalk improvements East Chestnut Street from Gold Street to S. Diamond Street Build pedestrian facility on Chestnut Street to link to Field Street sidewalks and create a safe route to school New project $75 per S.Y. NM‐12 Oakview Elementary Oakview Avenue sidewalk extension E. Oakview Avenue from eastern school perimeter parking lot to Sirkka Street Continue sidewalk from eastern perimeter/ parking lot of Oakview Elementary to Sirkka Street. New project $75 per S.Y. NM‐13 Centralia Middle School Allen Avenue sidewalk improvements Allen Avenue from Mt. Vista Road to Borst Avenue Add pedestrian facility on eastern edge of school lot to connect with athletic facilities. New project $75 per S.Y. NM‐14 Borst Avenue Improvements Borst Avenue from Johnson Road to Scheuber Road Add pedestrian facility for the length of the project and reconstruct existing roadway with new storm system, signage, and lane markings. $1.50 million $1.95 mil NM‐15 Central Boulevard Area Transportation Improvements B Street from 6th Street to Kearney Street, Kearney Street from B Street to Central Boulevard, and Central Add sidewalks, curb and gutters along both sides of the street and reconstruct existing roadway with new storm system, signage, and lane markings. $2.60 million $3.38 mil CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Project Number Title From/To Description Project Cost (2007) Project Cost (2017) Boulevard from Kearney Street to north dead end NM‐16 Zenkner Valley Road Improvements Zenkner Valley Road from Downing Road to North City Limits Add sidewalks, curb and gutters along one side of the street and reconstruct existing roadway with new storm system, signage, and lane markings. $2.00 million $2.6 mil NM‐17 Skookumchuck Pedestrian/Bike Ramp Borst Park to Mellen Street Construct ramps from existing Borst Park path to the WSDOT CD lane bridge and to access road south of Skookumchuck River. $2.05 million $2.67 mil NM‐18 Alder Street Improvements Alder Street from I‐5 CD Lane to Mellen Street Add sidewalks, curb and gutters along both sides of the street and reconstruct existing roadway with new illumination system. $3.34 million $4.34 mil NM‐19 Hayes Lake Train Project Bridge Street to Borst Park Construct path from the Hayes Lake public access at Bridge Street along the Skookumchuck River to the existing path adjacent to Borst Lake. $659,000 $857,000 NM‐20 Harrison Avenue Reconstruction Project Harrison Avenue from Johnson Road to Galvin Road Add sidewalks, curb and gutters along both sides of the street and reconstruct existing roadway with new ADA access ramps, signage, and lane markings. $1.70 million $2.21 mil Transit T‐1 Designate Public Amenities/Facilities at Centralia station At Centralia Station Supply public benches, posted fares, and other passenger amenities TBD TBD T‐2 Designated loading areas and platform At Centralia Station Designate passenger loading/parking/baggage checking/ticketing areas with signage at appropriate areas TBD TBD T‐4 Twin Transit Route #21 Ext Route #21 on Harrison from Russell to Prairie Extend route #21 on Harrison from Russell to Prairie to connect to Grand Mound TBD TBD T‐5 LOS Headway Improvements All Twin Transit Routes Improve LOS goals by decreasing headway from 60 to 30 minutes on all routes during peak periods TBD TBD T‐6 Transition flag bus stops to permanent roadside stops Determined in partnership with Twin Transit Replace flag bus stops with conventional roadside stops at higher ridership. Where feasible, add bench, shelter and signage TBD TBD CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Project Number Title From/To Description Project Cost (2007) Project Cost (2017) Maintenance M‐1 Galvin Road Galvin Road from Harrison Avenue to West City Limits Plane/remove existing asphalt and place new HMA wearing course. Provide new signs and lane markings. $761,000 $989,000 M‐2 Gold Street Gold Street from Summa Street to Marion Street Plane/remove existing asphalt and place new HMA wearing course. Provide new signs and lane markings. $1.21 million $1.573 mil M‐3 Reynolds Avenue Reynolds Avenue from Harrison Avenue to East City Limits Place 2‐inch overlay on existing roadway. Provide new signs and lane markings. $468,000 $608,000 M‐4 Scheuber Road Scheuber Road from Borst Avenue to Galvin Road Place 2‐inch overlay on existing roadway. Provide new signs and lane markings. $373,000 $485,000 M‐5 Summa Street Summa Street from Woodland Avenue to East City Limits Place 2‐inch overlay on existing roadway. Provide new signs and lane markings. $450,000 $585,000 M‐6 Woodland Avenue Woodland Avenue from Alder Street to Summa Street Place 2‐inch overlay on existing roadway. Provide new signs and lane markings. $231,000 $300,000 M‐7 Kresky Avenue Kresky Avenue from Viaduct to Scott Johnson Road Plane/remove existing asphalt and place new HMA wearing course. Provide new signs and lane markings. $540,000 $702,000 M‐8 Washington Avenue Washington Avenue from Alder Street to Pear Street Plane/remove existing asphalt and place new HMA wearing course. Provide new signs and lane markings. $600,000 $780,000 M‐9 Cooks Hill Road Cooks Hill Road from Schueber Road to West City Limits Repair existing asphalt with HMA overlay. Provide new signs and lane markings. $500,000 $650,000 M‐10 Harrison Avenue Paving Project Harrison Avenue from the Skookumchuck River Bridge to Johnson Road Plane/repave wearing course and replace substandard ADA access ramps. Provide new signage, lane markings, and inductive traffic loops. $1.10 million $1.43 mil Appendix B Cost Estimate Details (Select Projects) Centralia Transportation Element COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY PROJECT: Downing Road E-W Connector & North Interchange REFERENCE NAME/PHONE SHEET 1 of 1 DESIGN LEVEL: Conceptual LENGTH (MI.): 3.7 DATE 11/26/2017 NAME/CHECKED BY: B. Kamph KIND OF WORK: Roadway Construction Cost NO. ITEM UNIT QUANTITY COST 1 Drainage Mi. 2.49 $296,310 2 Curb, Gutter & Sidewalks Mi. N/A N/A 3 New Roadway Lane-Mi. 3.70 $6,021,750 4 Overlay Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 5 Reconstruct Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 6 Intersection Widening EA N/A N/A 7 Restriping Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 8 Interconnect Signal LS N/A N/A 9 New Signal EA 2 $563,800 10 Signal Modifications EA N/A N/A 11 Transit Enhancements EA N/A N/A 12 Permanent Signing LS 1.00 $28,200 13 Illumination EA 132.00 $863,280 14 Landscaping Mi. N/A N/A 15 Bridges SF 67,000 $12,261,000 16 Walls SF 33,000 $0 SUBTOTAL $20,034,340 ADDITIONAL COSTS RANGE PERCENTAGE COST Miscellaneous 15.0-20.0% 0.0% $0 Construction Surveying 1.0-2.5% 0.75% $150,000 TP & DT 3.0-8.0% 0.0% $0 Mobilization 8.0-10.0% 10.0% $2,003,000 Erosion Control 0.5-2.0% 2.0% $401,000 Contingency 30.0% 30.0% $6,010,000 Escalation (per year) -Current Year 0.5-2.0% 2.0% 2017 $0 Construction Engineering 10.0% 10.0% $2,003,000 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $30,601,340 PSE Cost ELEMENT PERCENT COST Design Engineering 13.0% $3,978,000 ROW Cost ELEMENT UNIT UNIT COST QUANITY COST Rural ROW SF $0.28 $1,066,120.00 $298,514 Urban ROW SF $1.75 0 $0 ROW TOTAL $298,514 Environmental Cost ELEMENT PERCENT COST Environmental Cost TBD TBD Total Cost: $34,877,854 Range of Total Cost RANGE PERCENTAGE COST High Total 50.0% $52,316,780 Low Total -30.0% $24,414,498 Range of Total Cost: $24,414,500 TO $52,316,800 CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Centralia Transportation Element COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY PROJECT: Scheuber and Cooks Hill Rd REFERENCE NAME/PHONE SHEET 1 of 1 DESIGN LEVEL: Improvement KIND OF WORK: Left turn pocket at all approaches and signalize LENGTH (MI.): DATE 12/19/2017 NAME/CHECKED BY Construction Cost NO. ITEM UNIT QUANTITY COST 1 Curb, Gutter, Sidewalks Mi. N/A N/A 2 Drainage Mi. N/A N/A 3 New Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 4 Overlay Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 5 Reconstruct Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 6 Intersection Widening EA 4.00 $1,023,000 7 Restriping Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 8 Interconnect Signal LS N/A N/A 9 New Signal EA 1.00 $300,000 10 Signal Modifications EA N/A N/A 11 Transit Enhancements EA N/A N/A 12 Traffic Calming % N/A N/A 13 Illumination Mi. N/A N/A 14 Landscaping Mi. N/A N/A 15 Bridges SF 0.00 N/A 16 Walls SF N/A N/A SUBTOTAL $1,323,000 ADDITIONAL COSTS RANGE PERCENTAGE COST Miscellaneous 15.0-20.0% 0.0% $0 Construction Surveying 1.0-2.5% 0.75% $10,000 TP & DT 3.0-8.0% 8.0% $106,000 Mobilization 8.0-10.0% 10.0% $132,000 Erosion Control 0.5-2.0% 2.0% $26,000 Contingency 30.0% 30.0% $397,000 Escalation (per year) -Current Year 0.5-2.0% 2.0% 2017 $0 Construction Engineering 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% $132,000 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $2,126,000 PSE Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Design Engineering 13.0% $276,000 ROW Cost ELEMENT UNIT UNIT COST QUANITY COST Rural ROW SF $1.10 0.00 $0 Urban ROW SF $2.26 0.00 $0 TOTAL ROW COST $0 Environmental Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Environmental Cost TBD TBD Total Cost: $2,402,000 Range of Total Cost RANGE PERCENTAGE COST High Total 50.0% $3,603,000 Low Total -30.0% $1,681,400 Range of Total Cost: $1,681,400 TO $3,603,000 CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Centralia Transportation Element COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY PROJECT: Truck Route Sign Package REFERENCE NAME/PHONE SHEET 1 of 1 DESIGN LEVEL: Improvement KIND OF WORK: Provide signage on designated routes LENGTH (MI.): DATE 12/19/2017 NAME/CHECKED BY: Construction Cost NO. ITEM UNIT QUANTITY COST 1 Curb, Gutter & Sidewalks Mi. 0.00 $02 Drainage Mi. 0.00 $03 New Roadway Lane-Mi. 0.00 $04 Overlay Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 5 Reconstruct Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. 0.00 $06 Intersection Widening EA N/A N/A7 Restriping Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. 0.00 $08 Interconnect Signal LS N/A N/A 9 New Signal EA 0.00 $010 Signal Modifications EA 0.00 $011 Transit Enhancements EA N/A N/A12 Traffic Calming EA 10.00 $7,50013 Illumination Mi. 0.00 $0 14 Landscaping Mi. 0.00 $015 Bridges LS and SF 0.00 $016 Walls SF 0.00 $0 SUBTOTAL $7,500 ADDITIONAL COSTS RANGE PERCENTAGE COST Miscellaneous 15.0-20.0%0.0% $0 Construction Surveying 1.0-2.5% 0.75% $0 TP & DT 3.0-8.0% 8.0% $1,000 Mobilization 8.0-10.0% 10.0% $1,000 Erosion Control 0.5-2.0% 2.0% $0 Contingency 30.0% 30.0% $0 Escalation (per year) -Current Year 0.5-2.0% 2.0% 2017 $0 Construction Engineering 10.0% 10.0% $1,000 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $10,500 PSE Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Design Engineering 13.0% $1,000 ROW Cost ELEMENT UNIT UNIT COS QUANITY COST Rural ROW SF 1.10 0.00 $0 Urban ROW SF 2.26 0.00 $0 TOTAL ROW COST $0 Environmental Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Environmental Cost TBD TBD Total Cost: $11,500 Range of Total Cost RANGE PERCENTAGE COST High Total 50.0% $17,250 Low Total -30.0% $8,050 Range of Total Cost: $8,100 to $17,300 CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Centralia Transportation Element COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY PROJECT: W 1st St. and Harrison Ave. REFERENCE NAME/PHONE SHEET 1 of 1 DESIGN LEVEL: Improvement KIND OF WORK: Signal Improvement LENGTH (MI.): DATE 12/19/2017 NAME/CHECKED BY: Construction Cost NO. ITEM UNIT QUANTITY COST 1 Curb, Gutter & Sidewalks Mi. 0.00 $02 Drainage Mi. 0.00 $0 3 New Roadway Lane-Mi. 0.00 $0 4 Overlay Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 5 Reconstruct Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. 0.00 $0 6 Intersection Widening EA N/A N/A 7 Restriping Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 8 Interconnect Signal LS N/A N/A 9 New Signal EA 1.00 $250,000 10 Signal Modifications EA 0.00 $0 11 Transit Enhancements EA N/A N/A 12 Traffic Calming % N/A N/A 13 Illumination Mi. 0.00 $0 14 Landscaping Mi. 0.00 $0 15 Bridges LS and SF 0.00 $0 16 Walls SF 0.00 $0 SUBTOTAL $250,000 ADDITIONAL COSTS RANGE PERCENTAGE COST Miscellaneous 15.0-20.0% 20.0% $50,000 Construction Surveying 1.0-2.5% 2.0% $5,000 TP & DT 3.0-8.0% 5.0% $12,500 Mobilization 8.0-10.0% 9.0% $22,500 Erosion Control 0.5-2.0% 1.5% $3,750 Contingency 30.0% 30.0% $75,000 Escalation (per year) -Current Year 0.5-2.0% 2.0% 2006 $0 Construction Engineering 10.0% 10.0% $25,000 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $443,750 PSE Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Design Engineering 13.0% $32,500 ROW Cost ELEMENT UNIT UNIT COST QUANITY COST Rural ROW SF 1.10 0.00 $0 Urban ROW SF 2.26 0.00 $0 TOTAL ROW COST $0 Environmental Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Environmental Cost TBD TBD Total Cost: $476,250 Range of Total Cost RANGE PERCENTAGE COST High Total 50.0% $714,375 Low Total -30.0% $333,375 Range of Total Cost: $333,400 to $714,400 CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Centralia Transportation Element COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY PROJECT: Pearl St. and 6th Street REFERENCE NAME/PHONE SHEET 1 of 1 DESIGN LEVEL: Improvement KIND OF WORK: Signal Improvement LENGTH (MI.): DATE 12/19/2017 NAME/CHECKED BY: $0 Construction Cost NO. ITEM UNIT QUANTITY COST 1 Curb, Gutter & Sidewalks Mi. 0.00 $02 Drainage Mi. 0.00 $0 3 New Roadway Lane-Mi. 0.00 $0 4 Overlay Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 5 Reconstruct Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. 0.00 $0 6 Intersection Widening EA N/A N/A 7 Restriping Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 8 Interconnect Signal LS N/A N/A 9 New Signal EA 0.00 $250,000 10 Signal Modifications EA 0.00 $0 11 Transit Enhancements EA N/A N/A 12 Traffic Calming % N/A N/A 13 Illumination Mi. 0.00 $0 14 Landscaping Mi. 0.00 $0 15 Bridges LS and SF 0.00 $0 16 Walls SF 0.00 $0 SUBTOTAL $250,000 ADDITIONAL COSTS RANGE PERCENTAGE COST Miscellaneous 15.0-20.0% 20.0% $50,000 Construction Surveying 1.0-2.5% 2.0% $5,000 TP & DT 3.0-8.0% 5.0% $12,500 Mobilization 8.0-10.0% 9.0% $22,500 Erosion Control 0.5-2.0% 1.5% $3,750 Contingency 30.0% 30.0% $75,000 Escalation (per year) -Current Year 0.5-2.0% 2.0% 2006 $0 Construction Engineering 10.0% 10.0% $25,000 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $443,750 PSE Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Design Engineering 13.0% $32,500 ROW Cost ELEMENT UNIT UNIT COST QUANITY COST Rural ROW SF 1.10 0.00 $0 Urban ROW SF 2.26 0.00 $0 TOTAL ROW COST $0 Environmental Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Environmental Cost TBD TBD Total Cost: $476,250 Range of Total Cost RANGE PERCENTAGE COST High Total 50.0% $714,375 Low Total -30.0% $333,375 Range of Total Cost: $333,400 to $714,400 CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Centralia Transportation Element COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY PROJECT: Summa Street and Gold Street REFERENCE NAME/PHONE SHEET 1 of 1 DESIGN LEVEL: Improvement LENGTH (MI.): DATE 12/19/2017 NAME/CHECKED BY KIND OF WORK: Left turn pocket at all approaches Construction Cost NO. ITEM UNIT QUANTITY COST 1 Curb, Gutter, Sidewalks Mi. N/A N/A 2 Drainage Mi. N/A N/A 3 New Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 4 Overlay Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 5 Reconstruct Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 6 Intersection Widening EA 4.00 $1,023,000 7 Restriping Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 8 Interconnect Signal LS N/A N/A 9 New Signal EA N/A N/A 10 Signal Modifications EA N/A N/A 11 Transit Enhancements EA N/A N/A 12 Traffic Calming % N/A N/A 13 Illumination Mi. N/A N/A 14 Landscaping Mi. N/A N/A 15 Bridges SF 0.00 N/A 16 Walls SF N/A N/A SUBTOTAL $1,023,000 ADDITIONAL COSTS RANGE PERCENTAGE COST Miscellaneous 15.0-20.0% 0.0% $0 Construction Surveying 1.0-2.5% 0.8% $8,000 TP & DT 3.0-8.0% 8.0% $82,000 Mobilization 8.0-10.0% 10.0% $102,000 Erosion Control 0.5-2.0% 2.0% $20,000 Contingency 30.0% 30.0% $307,000 Escalation (per year) -Current Year 0.5-2.0% 2.0% 2006 $20,000 Construction Engineering 10.0% 10.0% 10.0% $102,000 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $1,664,000 PSE Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Design Engineering 13.0% $216,000 ROW Cost ELEMENT UNIT UNIT COST QUANITY COST Rural ROW SF $1.10 0.00 $0 Urban ROW SF $2.26 0.00 $0 TOTAL ROW COST $0 Environmental Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Environmental Cost TBD TBD Total Cost: $1,880,000 Range of Total Cost RANGE PERCENTAGE COST High Total 50.0% $2,820,000 Low Total -30.0% $1,316,000 Range of Total Cost: $1,316,000 TO $2,820,000 CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Centralia Transportation Element COST ESTIMATE SUMMARY PROJECT: Summa Street and Kresky Avenue REFERENCE NAME/PHONE SHEET 1 of 1 DESIGN LEVEL: Improvement KIND OF WORK: Signal Improvement LENGTH (MI.): DATE 12/19/2017 NAME/CHECKED BY: Construction Cost NO. ITEM UNIT QUANTITY COST 1 Curb, Gutter & Sidewalks Mi. 0.00 $0 2 Drainage Mi. 0.00 $0 3 New Roadway Lane-Mi. 0.00 $0 4 Overlay Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 5 Reconstruct Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. 0.00 $0 6 Intersection Widening EA N/A N/A 7 Restriping Existing Roadway Lane-Mi. N/A N/A 8 Interconnect Signal LS N/A N/A 9 New Signal EA 1.00 $250,000 10 Signal Modifications EA 0.00 $0 11 Transit Enhancements EA N/A N/A 12 Traffic Calming % N/A N/A 13 Illumination Mi. 0.00 $0 14 Landscaping Mi. 0.00 $0 15 Bridges LS and SF 0.00 $0 16 Walls SF 0.00 $0 SUBTOTAL $250,000 ADDITIONAL COSTS RANGE PERCENTAGE COST Miscellaneous 15.0-20.0% 0.0% $0 Construction Surveying 1.0-2.5% 0.8% $1,875 TP & DT 3.0-8.0% 8.0% $20,000 Mobilization 8.0-10.0% 10.0% $25,000 Erosion Control 0.5-2.0% 2.0% $5,000 Contingency 30.0% 30.0% $75,000 Escalation (per year) -Current Year 0.5-2.0% 2.0% 2017 $0 Construction Engineering 10.0% 10.0% $37,688 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST $414,563 PSE Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Design Engineering 13.0% $0 ROW Cost ELEMENT UNIT UNIT COST QUANITY COST Rural ROW SF 1.10 0.00 $0 Urban ROW SF 2.26 0.00 $0 TOTAL ROW COST $0 Environmental Cost ELEMENT PERCENTAGE COST Environmental Cost TBD TBD Total Cost: $414,563 Range of Total Cost RANGE PERCENTAGE COST High Total 50.0% $621,844 Low Total -30.0% $290,194 Range of Total Cost: $290,200 to $621,800 Appendix C Unit Cost Database LEWIS COUNTY ARTERIAL STUDY Unit Price Descriptions (2007) ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT Curb, Gutter and Sidewalks ~6‐ft wide sidewalk (each side of "urban" segments) ~Estimated excavation at depth of 4' (Rural) Mile Drainage ~18‐inch concrete pipe storm system w/ 2.5‐ft of cover ~Storm manhole every 500 LF ~Standard catch basin every 250 LF (each side of the roadway) ~Culverts every 500' (Rural) Mile Bike Boulevard N/A Mile New Roadway ~Subgrade preparation, based on LC cross sections ~Clearing/grubbing, excavation/embankment, removal of struct. ~1 Raised Pavement Marker (RPM) per 80 linear feet Lane‐Mile Overlay Existing Roadway N/A Lane‐Mile Reconstruct Existing Roadway Removal of existing shoulders and roadway that is not to standard and rebuilding a new facility, pavement planing and overlay for roadway area within shoulders. Cost includes: ~Removal cost of 1.3' urban/1.55' rural AC & aggregate base ~"New Roadway" cost (listed above) Lane‐Mile Intersection Widening N/A Each Restriping Existing Roadway ~Removal of existing striping and restriping of existing facility Lane‐Mile Interconnect Signal ~Lump sum cost to interconnect signal system Lump Sum New Signal ~The signal including signal system and all appurtenances (pole, wiring, detection devices, etc) for one intersection Each Signal Modifications ~All evaluations and modifications Each Transit Enhancements N/A Each Traffic Calming N/A Percentage Illumination ~luminaire, pole, wiring, and all other appurtenances ~one light pole on each side of the roadway every 200 LF Mile Landscaping ~Plantings, topsoil, and irrigation requirements Mile Bridges ~Based on estimated square footage of bridge (Except for LC‐01 see "Bridge" tab) Square Foot Walls ~Cost of Standard Retaining Wall Square Foot ROW ~Assumed avg. cost of $0.85/SF rural and $1.75/SF urban. ~Rural/urban boundries defined by city limits ~Property values calculated through average County land values (2004) Square Foot CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM Additional Costs ITEM DESCRIPTION General Construction Costs Insert the desired percentage from the common range for each factor: ~Miscellaneous Costs: 15.0‐20.0% ~Construction Surveying: 1.0‐2.5% ~Temporary Protection and Direction of Traffic: 3.0‐8.0% ~Mobilization: 8.0‐10.0% ~Erosion Control: 0.5‐2.0% Contingency Factor General Contingency for Construction Costs: 30.0%. Escalation Factor Given the year and escalation percentage, this estimate can roughly approximate yearly inflation of prices: ~Insert the desired percentage from the common range: 0.5‐2.0% ~Insert the current year (must be 2005 or later) Engineering Costs Calculated as a percentage of the total Construction Costs: ~Design Engineering: 13.0% ~Construction Engineering: 10.0% CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM UNIT COST SUMMARY ITEM Unit Unit Cost 12 Inch Storm Sewer Pipe L.F. $85.00 18 Inch Storm Sewer Pipe L.F. $125.00 Aggregate Base (CSTC) TN. $42.50 Aggregate Base (Gravel) TN. $37.50 Asphalt TN. $95.00 Bus Shelter L.S. $25,000.00 Planing Bituminous Pavement S.Y. $5.00 Demolition of Extg. Curbs and Sidewalks C.Y. $18.00 Embankment C.Y. $50.00 Excavation C.Y. $25.00 Interconnect Signal System L.S. $30,000.00 Landscaping L.S. $225,000.00 Luminaire and appurtenances EA. $7,500.00 Modify Signal L.S. $90,000.00 New Signal L.S. $300,000.00 Painted Permanent Pavement Striping L.F. $0.40 Raised Pavement Markers (RPMs) Hundred $550.00 Sidewalk S.Y. $75.00 Standard Catch Basin EA. $2,000.00 Standard Concrete Curb and Gutter L.F. $35.00 Standard Retaining Wall S.F. $65.00 Storm Manhole EA. $4,500.00 Stripe Removal L.F. $1.50 Wheel Chair Ramp EA. $3,900.00 Bridge Construction S.F. $150.00 Rural ROW Costs S.F. $1.10 Urban ROW Costs S.F. $2.26 Appendix D Sound Transit CCI Forecast Sound Transit 2017 Construction Cost Component Escalation Forecasts August 2017 Forecast Year >> Historical 10‐Year Forecast 20‐Year Extrapolation 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 2033 2034 2035 2036 2037 2038 2039 2040 2041 2042 2043 2044 2045 2046 Structural Steel1 Structural Steel (Probable — Structural Steel Component 100.0 120.6 90.3 104.8 118.2 113.7 106.6 109.5 96.8 91.7 98.3 102.7 106.4 109.8 113.2 116.7 120.9 124.9 129.1 133.0 136.8 140.7 144.7 148.9 153.1 157.5 162.0 166.7 171.4 176.4 181.4 186.6 192.0 197.5 203.1 208.9 214.9 221.1 227.4 233.9 Structural Steel (High Index) 100.0 120.6 90.3 104.8 118.2 113.7 106.6 109.5 96.8 91.7 99.4 106.3 112.3 117.1 122.1 127.2 132.8 138.3 144.2 150.1 154.7 159.5 164.5 169.6 174.9 180.3 185.9 191.7 197.7 203.8 210.2 216.7 223.5 230.4 237.6 245.0 252.6 260.4 268.5 276.9 Structural Steel (Low Index) 100.0 120.6 90.3 104.8 118.2 113.7 106.6 109.5 96.8 91.7 94.4 96.5 98.1 99.9 101.9 103.8 105.5 107.1 108.7 110.5 113.2 116.1 119.0 122.0 125.1 128.2 131.4 134.7 138.1 141.6 145.1 148.8 152.5 156.4 160.3 164.3 168.5 172.7 177.0 181.5 Structural Steel (Probable — Structural Steel Component 5.0% 20.6% ‐25.1% 16.0% 12.8% ‐3.8% ‐6.3% 2.7% ‐11.5% ‐5.3% 7.2% 4.4% 3.6% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.5% 3.3% 3.4% 3.0% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% Structural Steel (High % Growth) 5.0% 20.6% ‐25.1% 16.0% 12.8% ‐3.8% ‐6.3% 2.7% ‐11.5% ‐5.3% 8.4% 7.0% 5.6% 4.3% 4.3% 4.2% 4.3% 4.2% 4.3% 4.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% Structural Steel (Low % Growth) 5.0% 20.6% ‐25.1% 16.0% 12.8% ‐3.8% ‐6.3% 2.7% ‐11.5% ‐5.3% 3.0% 2.2% 1.6% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.7% 1.5% 1.5% 1.6% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% Concrete2 Concrete (Probable — Concrete Component Index) 100.0 102.6 105.1 102.6 102.0 104.3 107.5 112.4 117.6 121.9 133.1 141.6 149.6 156.3 162.6 168.7 174.5 180.6 187.3 193.1 200.8 208.8 217.1 225.7 234.7 244.0 253.7 263.8 274.3 285.2 296.5 308.3 320.6 333.3 346.6 360.4 374.7 389.6 405.1 421.2 Concrete (High Index) 100.0 102.6 105.1 102.6 102.0 104.3 107.5 112.4 117.6 121.9 134.4 145.8 156.7 165.4 173.9 182.2 190.2 198.5 207.1 214.8 223.9 233.3 243.1 253.3 264.0 275.1 286.7 298.7 311.3 324.4 338.0 352.3 367.1 382.5 398.6 415.4 432.8 451.1 470.0 489.8 Concrete (Low Index) 100.0 102.6 105.1 102.6 102.0 104.3 107.5 112.4 117.6 121.9 130.0 136.7 142.9 148.0 153.0 157.7 162.4 167.4 172.8 177.7 184.3 191.2 198.3 205.7 213.4 221.4 229.7 238.2 247.1 256.3 265.9 275.8 286.1 296.8 307.9 319.4 331.3 343.7 356.5 369.8 Concrete (Probable — Concrete Component % Growth) 4.3% 2.6% 2.4% ‐2.4% ‐0.6% 2.3% 3.1% 4.6% 4.6% 3.7% 9.2% 6.4% 5.7% 4.5% 4.0% 3.7% 3.4% 3.5% 3.7% 3.1% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% 4.0% Concrete (High % Growth) 4.3% 2.6% 2.4% ‐2.4% ‐0.6% 2.3% 3.1% 4.6% 4.6% 3.7% 10.2% 8.5% 7.5% 5.5% 5.2% 4.8% 4.4% 4.3% 4.3% 3.8% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% 4.2% Concrete (Low % Growth) 4.3% 2.6% 2.4% ‐2.4% ‐0.6% 2.3% 3.1% 4.6% 4.6% 3.7% 6.7% 5.1% 4.5% 3.6% 3.3% 3.1% 3.0% 3.1% 3.2% 2.9% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% Construction Equipment3 Construction Equipment (Probable — Construction Equip 100.0 103.2 106.9 106.6 110.2 113.8 114.3 117.2 118.6 119.5 123.0 126.4 129.8 133.5 137.5 141.4 145.5 149.6 154.1 158.7 162.5 166.4 170.4 174.4 178.6 182.9 187.3 191.8 196.3 201.0 205.9 210.8 215.8 221.0 226.3 231.7 237.2 242.9 248.7 254.7 Construction Equipment (High Index) 100.0 103.2 106.9 106.6 110.2 113.8 114.3 117.2 118.6 119.5 124.5 129.4 134.1 139.2 144.4 149.9 155.3 161.0 167.1 172.9 177.3 181.9 186.5 191.3 196.2 201.2 206.3 211.6 217.0 222.5 228.2 234.0 240.0 246.2 252.4 258.9 265.5 272.3 279.2 286.4 Construction Equipment (Low Index) 100.0 103.2 106.9 106.6 110.2 113.8 114.3 117.2 118.6 119.5 121.7 123.5 125.0 127.4 129.6 131.7 134.1 137.1 140.5 143.3 146.5 149.7 153.0 156.4 159.8 163.4 167.0 170.7 174.4 178.3 182.2 186.2 190.4 194.6 198.9 203.3 207.7 212.3 217.0 221.8 Construction Equipment (Probable — Construction Equip 4.3% 3.2% 3.6% ‐0.3% 3.3% 3.3% 0.4% 2.5% 1.2% 0.7% 3.0% 2.8% 2.7% 2.9% 3.0% 2.8% 2.9% 2.8% 3.0% 3.0% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% Construction Equipment (High % Growth) 4.3% 3.2% 3.6% ‐0.3% 3.3% 3.3% 0.4% 2.5% 1.2% 0.7% 4.2% 3.9% 3.6% 3.8% 3.7% 3.8% 3.6% 3.7% 3.7% 3.5% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% 2.6% Construction Equipment (Low % Growth) 4.3% 3.2% 3.6% ‐0.3% 3.3% 3.3% 0.4% 2.5% 1.2% 0.7% 1.8% 1.5% 1.2% 1.9% 1.7% 1.6% 1.8% 2.2% 2.5% 2.0% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% Labor4 Labor (Probable — Labor Component Index) 100.0 105.0 110.8 115.6 117.1 118.3 120.4 123.0 126.6 130.5 135.9 141.2 146.5 151.9 157.3 162.9 168.7 174.8 181.0 187.5 193.7 200.2 206.9 213.8 220.9 228.3 235.9 243.7 251.9 260.3 269.0 277.9 287.2 296.8 306.7 316.9 327.5 338.4 349.7 361.4 Labor (High Index) 100.0 105.0 110.8 115.6 117.1 118.3 120.4 123.0 126.6 130.5 135.9 141.7 147.8 154.1 160.7 167.5 174.5 181.6 188.8 195.2 201.8 208.7 215.8 223.2 230.8 238.6 246.8 255.2 263.9 272.9 282.2 291.8 301.7 312.0 322.6 333.6 345.0 356.7 368.9 381.5 Labor (Low Index) 100.0 105.0 110.8 115.6 117.1 118.3 120.4 123.0 126.6 130.5 134.6 137.4 140.3 143.2 146.3 149.6 153.1 157.1 161.4 166.8 172.0 177.3 182.8 188.4 194.2 200.2 206.4 212.7 219.3 226.0 233.0 240.2 247.6 255.2 263.1 271.2 279.6 288.2 297.1 306.3 Labor (Probable — Labor Component % Growth) 3.7% 5.0% 5.5% 4.3% 1.3% 1.0% 1.9% 2.1% 3.0% 3.0% 4.2% 3.9% 3.8% 3.7% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% Labor (High % Growth) 3.7% 5.0% 5.5% 4.3% 1.3% 1.0% 1.9% 2.1% 3.0% 3.0% 4.2% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.2% 4.1% 4.0% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% 3.4% Labor (Low % Growth) 3.7% 5.0% 5.5% 4.3% 1.3% 1.0% 1.9% 2.1% 3.0% 3.0% 3.2% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.2% 2.2% 2.4% 2.6% 2.8% 3.4% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% Other Materials & Services5 Other Materials & Services (Probable — Other Materials 100.0 104.2 104.8 105.1 107.9 110.7 112.0 114.1 115.6 118.2 123.3 126.0 128.7 131.5 134.1 136.7 139.5 142.4 145.4 148.9 152.3 155.8 159.3 163.0 166.7 170.5 174.4 178.4 182.5 186.6 190.9 195.2 199.7 204.3 208.9 213.7 218.6 223.6 228.7 233.9 Other Materials & Services (High Index) 100.0 104.2 104.8 105.1 107.9 110.7 112.0 114.1 115.6 118.2 124.4 130.1 135.4 138.8 142.1 145.5 149.0 152.7 156.5 160.3 164.3 168.5 172.7 177.0 181.5 186.1 190.8 195.6 200.5 205.5 210.7 216.0 221.4 227.0 232.7 238.6 244.6 250.8 257.1 263.5 Other Materials & Services (Low Index) 100.0 104.2 104.8 105.1 107.9 110.7 112.0 114.1 115.6 118.2 120.5 122.8 125.0 127.2 129.3 131.4 133.8 136.6 139.7 143.1 146.1 149.2 152.3 155.5 158.8 162.2 165.6 169.1 172.7 176.3 180.0 183.9 187.7 191.7 195.8 199.9 204.1 208.4 212.8 217.3 Other Materials & Services (Probable — Other Materials 0.9% 4.2% 0.6% 0.3% 2.7% 2.5% 1.2% 1.8% 1.4% 2.2% 4.3% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.0% 2.0% 2.0% 2.1% 2.1% 2.4% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% Other Materials & Services (High % Growth) 0.9% 4.2% 0.6% 0.3% 2.7% 2.5% 1.2% 1.8% 1.4% 2.2% 5.2% 4.6% 4.1% 2.6% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% 2.5% Other Materials & Services (Low % Growth) 0.9% 4.2% 0.6% 0.3% 2.7% 2.5% 1.2% 1.8% 1.4% 2.2% 2.0% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 2.1% 2.3% 2.4% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% Component‐Weighted Forecast6 Structural Steel 5% Concrete 13% Construction Equipment 9% Labor 53% Other Materials & Services 20% Component‐Weighted Index 2007=100 (Probable) 100.0 105.2 107.5 110.5 112.8 114.3 115.8 118.6 121.1 124.0 130.0 135.0 139.9 144.6 149.4 154.2 159.1 164.3 169.7 175.2 180.7 186.4 192.3 198.4 204.6 211.1 217.8 224.7 231.9 239.3 246.9 254.7 262.9 271.2 279.9 288.9 298.1 307.6 317.5 327.7 Component‐Weighted Index 2007=100 (High) 100.0 105.2 107.5 110.5 112.8 114.3 115.8 118.6 121.1 124.0 130.6 137.1 143.5 149.3 155.3 161.4 167.6 174.0 180.6 186.5 192.6 199.0 205.5 212.3 219.3 226.6 234.1 241.8 249.8 258.1 266.7 275.5 284.7 294.2 304.0 314.1 324.6 335.4 346.6 358.2 Component‐Weighted Index 2007=100 (Low) 100.0 105.2 107.5 110.5 112.8 114.3 115.8 118.6 121.1 124.0 128.0 131.1 134.1 137.0 140.1 143.1 146.4 150.0 154.0 158.6 163.2 167.9 172.8 177.9 183.1 188.4 193.9 199.6 205.5 211.5 217.7 224.1 230.7 237.5 244.5 251.8 259.2 266.9 274.8 282.9 Component‐Weighted Index 2014=5477.7 (Probable) 4,618.0 4,856.0 4,964.5 5,102.0 5,206.8 5,278.1 5,348.9 5,477.7 5,590.2 5,725.5 6,003.2 6,232.2 6,458.8 6,679.5 6,898.3 7,120.4 7,349.3 7,587.3 7,835.9 8,089.1 8,344.2 8,607.7 8,879.7 9,160.6 9,450.6 9,750.0 10,059.2 10,378.6 10,708.3 11,048.8 11,400.5 11,763.6 12,138.7 12,526.1 12,926.1 13,339.3 13,766.1 14,206.9 14,662.2 15,132.5 Component‐Weighted Index 2014=5477.7 (High) 4,618.0 4,856.0 4,964.5 5,102.0 5,206.8 5,278.1 5,348.9 5,477.7 5,590.2 5,725.5 6,029.6 6,329.2 6,625.0 6,896.0 7,171.9 7,454.9 7,740.9 8,035.6 8,337.8 8,612.6 8,896.1 9,189.0 9,491.9 9,805.1 10,128.8 10,463.5 10,809.6 11,167.4 11,537.3 11,919.8 12,315.3 12,724.3 13,147.2 13,584.5 14,036.8 14,504.5 14,988.1 15,488.3 16,005.6 16,540.6 Component‐Weighted Index 2014=5477.7 (Low) 4,618.0 4,856.0 4,964.5 5,102.0 5,206.8 5,278.1 5,348.9 5,477.7 5,590.2 5,725.5 5,912.7 6,054.0 6,191.2 6,328.0 6,468.1 6,608.5 6,759.6 6,927.8 7,113.0 7,322.3 7,535.5 7,755.2 7,981.4 8,214.4 8,454.5 8,701.8 8,956.5 9,219.0 9,489.4 9,768.0 10,055.0 10,350.7 10,655.4 10,969.3 11,292.8 11,626.1 11,969.5 12,323.4 12,688.1 13,063.9 Component‐Weighted % Change (Probable) 3.3% 5.2% 2.2% 2.8% 2.1% 1.4% 1.3% 2.4% 2.1% 2.4% 4.8% 3.8% 3.6% 3.4% 3.3% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.3% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% 3.2% Component‐Weighted % Change (High) 3.3% 5.2% 2.2% 2.8% 2.1% 1.4% 1.3% 2.4% 2.1% 2.4% 5.3% 5.0% 4.7% 4.1% 4.0% 3.9% 3.8% 3.8% 3.8% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% 3.3% Component‐Weighted % Change (Low) 3.3% 5.2% 2.2% 2.8% 2.1% 1.4% 1.3% 2.4% 2.1% 2.4% 3.3% 2.4% 2.3% 2.2% 2.2% 2.2% 2.3% 2.5% 2.7% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.0% Notes 1 ‐ Historical data for Structural Steel are Steel Mill Products PPI obtained from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics 2 ‐ Historical data for Concrete are Ready‐Mix Concrete PPI obtained from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics 3 ‐ Historical data for Construction Equipment are Construction Machinery and Equipment PPI obtained from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics 4 ‐ Historical data for Labor are based on a sampling of historical prevailing wage rates for relevant trades obtained from the Washington Department of Labor and Industries 5 ‐ Historical data for Other Materials and Services are the BLS CPI‐U Seattle‐Tacoma‐Bremerton Index 6 ‐ Share weightings provided by Sound Transit and applied by WSP. WSP provided only the cost component forecast. Economic factors outside of the individual cost components provided may or may not impact the bottom‐line forecast Appendix E A‐ACEI Estimating Accuracy Range CENTRALIA TRANSPORTATION ELEMENT UPDATE BASIS OF ESTIMATE MEMORANDUM