EPA_Arsenic_ComplianceGuide_Page18Complying With the Revised Drinking
Water Standard for Arsenic: Small
Entity Compliance Guide
One of the Simple Tools for Effective
Performance (STEP) Guide Series
Ordinance 1343 - Supporting Materials
Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
(4606M)
EPA 816-R-02-008A
www.epa.gov/safewater
August 2002
Printed on recycled paper
ii
NOTICE: This guide was prepared pursuant to section 212 of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement
Fairness Act of 1996 (SBREFA), Pub. L. 104-121. It is intended to aid you in complying with the Arsenic
and Clarifications to Compliance and New Source Contaminants Monitoring Rule (“Arsenic Rule”) issued on
January 22, 2001, under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The SDWA provisions, the Arsenic Rule,
and other EPA regulations described in this guide contain legally binding requirements. This document
does not substitute for those provisions or regulations, nor is it a regulation itself. It does not impose
legally-binding requirements on EPA, States, or the regulated community, and may not apply to a particular
situation based on the circumstances. EPA and State decision-makers retain the discretion to adopt
approaches on a case-by-case basis that differ from this guidance where appropriate. Any decisions
regarding a particular community water system or non-transient non-community water system will be made
based on the applicable statutes and regulations. Therefore, interested parties are free to raise questions
and objections about the appropriateness of the application of this guide to a particular situation, and EPA
will consider whether or not the recommendations or interpretations in this guide are appropriate in that
situation based on the law and regulations. EPA may change this guidance in the future. To determine
whether EPA has revised this guide and/or to obtain copies, contact the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at
1-800-426-4791.
Please note that the term “State” is used in this guide to refer to your Primacy Agency. The
Primacy Agency for most systems is your State Drinking Water Agency. However, as of August
2002, the Primacy Agency for systems located in the Navajo Nation is your tribal office, and the
Primacy Agency for systems located on other Tribal lands, in Wyoming, or in the District of
Columbia is your EPA Regional Office.
iii
Contents
STEP #1 – Is this Guide for Me?......................................................................................................................................1
STEP #2 – What Will I Learn?...........................................................................................................................................2
STEP #3 – What Is the Arsenic Rule?.............................................................................................................................3
Ensuring Safe Drinking Water .........................................................................................................................................................................4
STEP #4 – Does My System Have an Arsenic Problem?..............................................................................................5
Planning..............................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Testing ................................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Arsenic Rule Planning Worksheet..................................................................................................................................................................6
Using the Arsenic Rule Planning Worksheet ...............................................................................................................................................8
Explanation of Example Arsenic Rule Planning Worksheet....................................................................................................................10
Consumer Confidence Report ......................................................................................................................................................................12
STEP #5 – If a Problem Exists, What Are My Options?..............................................................................................13
Source Water Changes ...................................................................................................................................................................................13
Partnerships with Other Water Systems .....................................................................................................................................................14
Water Treatment...............................................................................................................................................................................................15
Activated Alumina .......................................................................................................................................................................................16
Reverse Osmosis ........................................................................................................................................................................................16
Modified Lime Softening .............................................................................................................................................................................16
Point-of-Use Units .......................................................................................................................................................................................17
Arsenic Waste Disposal .................................................................................................................................................................................18
What Do I Need to Consider When Deciding on a Waste Disposal Option?..........................................................................................18
How Do I Know If My Waste Is Hazardous?.............................................................................................................................................19
Selecting a Technology to Treat Arsenic ....................................................................................................................................................20
iv
STEP #6 – How Will I Implement the Option I Have Selected?..................................................................................21
Financial Assistance.......................................................................................................................................................................................21
Exemptions For Systems That Need More Time to Comply ....................................................................................................................22
STEP #7 – How and When Must I Demonstrate Compliance with the Arsenic Rule?............................................23
Grandfathering Data .......................................................................................................................................................................................23
Laboratory Testing..........................................................................................................................................................................................24
STEP #8 – What Does Compliance Monitoring Involve?............................................................................................25
Monitoring Instructions .................................................................................................................................................................................25
Routine Monitoring ......................................................................................................................................................................................25
Waivers ........................................................................................................................................................................................................25
Increased Monitoring .....................................................................................................................................................................................26
Compliance Determination ............................................................................................................................................................................26
Monitoring and Reporting Violations ..........................................................................................................................................................27
Maximum Contaminant Level Violations....................................................................................................................................................27
Reporting and Notification Requirements ..................................................................................................................................................29
The Compliance Assurance Process ...........................................................................................................................................................30
Monitoring Worksheets ..................................................................................................................................................................................31
Using the Arsenic Monitoring Worksheet for Routine and Reduced Monitoring ................................................................................33
Explanation of Example Arsenic Monitoring Worksheet for Routine and Reduced Monitoring ......................................................36
Using the Arsenic Monitoring Worksheet for Quarterly Monitoring ......................................................................................................39
Explanation of Example Arsenic Monitoring Worksheet for Quarterly Monitoring.............................................................................42
Appendix A: Sources for More Information on Arsenic .............................................................................................44
Appendix B: Safe Drinking Water Act Primacy Agencies ..........................................................................................45
Appendix C: Tribal Contacts ..........................................................................................................................................50
Appendix D: Other STEP Documents Available from EPA .........................................................................................51
Additional copies of this guide and extra worksheets are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791. Please reference
document number EPA 816-R-02-008B for extra worksheets. You can also download the guide from EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Web site at
www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsys/ssinfo.htm.
Acronyms
AA Activated Alumina
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
BAT Best Available Technology
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CCR Consumer Confidence Report
CDBG Community Development Block Grant
CWA Clean Water Act
CWS Community Water System
DWSRF Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
EPTDS Entry Point to the Distribution System
GWUDI Ground Water Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water
MCL Maximum Contaminant Level
M&R Monitoring and Reporting
mg/L Milligrams per liter
µµµµµg/L Micrograms per liter
NPDES National Pollution Discharge Elimination System
NTNCWS Non-Transient Non-Community Water System
POTW Publicly Owned Treatment Works
POE Point of Entry
POU Point of Use
ppb Parts per billion
PWS Public Water System
RCAC Rural Community Assistance Corporation
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RUS Rural Utilities Service
SBREFA Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of
1996
SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act
SM Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater
SSCT Small System Compliance Technology
STEP Simple Tools for Effective Performance
TC Toxicity Characteristic
TCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
TSS Total Suspended Solids
1
STEP #1 – Is this Guide for Me?
This guide is designed for owners and operators of community water systems (CWSs) and non-transient non-community water systems
(NTNCWSs) serving 10,000 or fewer persons. CWSs include all systems (regardless of ownership) serving at least 25 year-round residents or
15 year-round service connections. NTNCWSs include all systems (regardless of ownership) that are not CWSs and that regularly serve at least
25 of the same people for more than 6 months a year. Systems that will typically find this guide useful include:
!Small towns
!Rural water districts
!Tribal systems
!Mobile home parks
!Home owners associations
!Small private systems
!Factories, religious institutions,
and schools that have their own
water supplies
2
STEP #2 – What Will I Learn?
As a drinking water system owner or operator, your most important job is protecting the
health of your customers. This guide will help you by providing information about:
!Reducing the risk of cancer and other diseases by limiting the amount of arsenic
in your drinking water.
!How the Arsenic Rule affects your system.
!Strategies to reduce arsenic in your drinking water.
!Sources of funding for your arsenic compliance strategy.
!How to prepare for the Arsenic Rule compliance dates.
!Your monitoring and reporting responsibilities under the Arsenic Rule, including
worksheets to help you track your progress.
!What to report to your State and customers.
!The Compliance Assurance Process.
Appendix A lists additional information sources that you may find useful. Appendix B
provides information about how to contact your State. Appendix C lists contacts for
Tribes, and Appendix D identifies other STEP guides that EPA has developed to assist
small systems.
Note: Readers should contact their States to determine State-specific requirements,
which may be different from, but must be at least as stringent as, federal requirements.
PHOTO
FOR POSITION ONLY
3
STEP #3 – What Is the Arsenic Rule?
Published on January 22, 2001, the Arsenic Rule (66 Federal Register
6976):
!Makes the arsenic maximum contaminant level (MCL) more
stringent by lowering the level from 0.05 mg/L (50 µg/L or 50
ppb) to 0.01 mg/L (10 µg/L or 10 ppb) (40 CFR 141.62(b)(16)).
!Includes a special rule requirement that arsenic sampling be
reported to the nearest 0.001 mg/L to demonstrate that EPA
clearly intended 0.010 mg/L to be used for determining
compliance (40 CFR 141.23(i)(4)).
!Continues to require systems to sample at every entry point to
the distribution system (EPTDS, referred hearafter in this
guide simply as “sampling point”).
Arsenic occurs naturally in rocks, soil, water, air, plants, and animals.
Levels are generally higher in the western States due to geologic
conditions. Arsenic can be spread through the environment by natural
processes, such as erosion and forest fires, and human activities, such
as mining and agriculture.
Because of their contact with naturally occurring underground rock
formations, ground waters tend to have higher levels of arsenic than
surface waters. Many of these ground waters are sources of drinking
water for CWSs and NTNCWSs.
Please see Appendix A for a list of references that provide more
information about arsenic.
The timeline above shows important dates of the Arsenic Rule. Dates with an asterisk are enforceable compliance endpoints.
January 22, 2001
Rule Promulgated
0.010 mg/L MCL
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 201020012008
February 22, 2002*
All Consumer ConfidenceReports must use newlanguage for arsenic
January 22, 2004
If your system begins operation or begins using a
new source after January 22, 2004, you must
comply with the revised MCL within the period
specified by your State
January 23, 2006*
Revised Maximum
Contaminant Level becomes
enforceable
December 31, 2006*
Surface water systems must take a sample at each
sampling point and have it analyzed using approved
analytical methods
February 22, 2002
Rule EffectiveDate
0.050 mg/L MCL
December 31, 2007*
Ground water systems must take a sample at eachsampling point and have it analyzed using approved
analytical methods
4
Ensuring Safe Drinking Water
All drinking water systems want to provide water that is as safe as possible. One aspect of providing safe drinking water is limiting the amount
of arsenic in it. Long-term exposure to arsenic in drinking water has been linked to several forms of cancer, especially bladder and lung cancer,
and to other health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease.
Limiting the amount of arsenic in your drinking water system may require you to make some adjustments, such as:
!Changing the source of your water (see page 13 for more information).
!Partnering with other water systems (see page 14 for more information).
!Upgrading or installing a treatment technology (see page 15 for more information).
5
STEP #4 – Does My System Have an Arsenic Problem?
Planning
The compliance date for the revised MCL is January 23, 2006 (40 CFR 141.6(j)). However, the first Arsenic Rule deadline is July 1, 2002, when
you may have to include a special statement in your Consumer Confidence Report (CCR). See page 12 for CCR information. In addition, you
should immediately begin to make sure you can meet the revised MCL by the compliance date. If your system’s arsenic level exceeds the
revised MCL, you may need several years to develop a new source, form partnerships with other systems, or install treatment.
Testing
To assess whether you have an arsenic problem, ask yourself:
1. What is the arsenic concentration at each sampling point?
!Look at previous monitoring results.
!Take additional samples if necessary.
!Be aware that a single result may not provide you with enough information.
2. What is the risk that the arsenic level could exceed the revised MCL?
!Arsenic levels can vary from sample to sample, so give yourself a margin of
safety by considering low levels such as 0.008 mg/L as a possible indication
of an arsenic problem.
New Systems and New Sources!
If your system begins operation or begins using a new source
after January 22, 2004, you must comply with the 0.010 mg/L
arsenic MCL within a period specified by your State. The
compliance deadlines in this guide may not apply to you because
you may need to be in compliance before the January 23, 2006
compliance date. Check with your State for more information.
Sampling at Each Entry Point tothe Distribution System
EPA requires sampling at each sampling point
to ensure that enough samples are drawn to be
representative of each source and of the water
being served to each customer.
6
Arsenic Rule Planning Worksheet
The following Arsenic Rule Planning Worksheet will help you organize your existing arsenic monitoring results and record the results of any
monitoring done before January 23, 2006. The worksheet will help you plan for the revised arsenic MCL and determine if you have an arsenic
problem. Several copies of the worksheet are provided. The first copy is followed by instructions on how to complete it. The second copy is an
example. The third is a blank worksheet that you can photocopy and use.
7
teehskroWgninnalPeluRcinesrA
elpmaSetaDdetcelloC tnioPgnilpmaS/SDTPE tluseR tluseRehtsaW
≤?L/gm010.0
nasaWdevorppAlacitylanAdohteM?desU a
yrevEsaWSDTPE?delpmaS b
a .noitamrofnieromrof52egapnonoitcesgnitsetyrotarobalehteeS.devorpparegnolonerasdohtemlacitylananiatreC
b .))a(32.141RFC04()SDTPE(metsysnoitubirtsidehtottniopyrtnehcaemorfstluserevahtsumsmetsyS
1 2345 6
8
Using the Arsenic Rule Planning Worksheet
This section presents instructions for completing the Arsenic Rule Planning Worksheet. Each step presented here corresponds to a numbered
section of the sample worksheet. Note that the Rule does not prevent States from allowing systems to grandfather results that are greater than
0.010 mg/L, but systems that grandfather results that are greater than 0.010 mg/L will be out of compliance with the revised MCL on January
23, 2006. Therefore, it is extremely unlikely that States or systems would want to grandfather these data.
Enter dates.
"Record the dates of any arsenic samples
taken before January 23, 2006.
Enter sampling point(s).
"Enter the location(s) sampled on each date.
If more than 3 locations were sampled, use
multiple rows for each date.
Record arsenic test results.
"Record the result from the lab reports for
each sample.
Record whether results are less than 0.010 mg/L.
"Next to each arsenic test result, enter “Yes”
if the result is ≤ 0.010 mg/L. Enter “No” if
the result is > 0.010 mg/L.
"Review the levels of arsenic in your finished
water. If the level of arsenic in your water at
any sampling point is usually above 0.010
mg/L or just below 0.010 mg/L, you may
have a problem meeting the revised MCL.
You should consider developing a new
source, forming partnerships with other
systems, or installing treatment to lower the
amount of arsenic in your water.
Record analytical methods.
"Based on the lab reports, record whether
the samples were analyzed using an
approved analytical method. Enter “Yes” if
the result was analyzed using EPA 200.8,
EPA 200.9, SM 3113B, SM 3114B, ASTM
D-2972-93C, or ASTM D-2972-93B. Enter
“No” if the result was analyzed using EPA
200.7 or SM 3120B (See page 24).
Record whether all sampling points were
sampled.
"Enter “Yes” if samples were taken at all
sampling points. Enter “No” if samples were
not taken. Even if you are using more than
one row for each date because more than 3
locations were sampled, you only need to
answer this question once.
Step #1
Step #2
Step #3
Step #4
Step #5
Step #6
9
teehskroWgninnalPeluRcinesrA
elpmaSetaDdetcelloC tnioPgnilpmaS/SDTPE tluseR tluseRehtsaW
≤?L/gm010.0
nasaWdevorppAlacitylanAdohteM?desU a
yrevEsaWSDTPE?delpmaS b
a .noitamrofnieromrof52egapnonoitcesgnitsetyrotarobalehteeS.devorpparegnolonerasdohtemlacitylananiatreC
b .))a(32.141RFC04()SDTPE(metsysnoitubirtsidehtottniopyrtnehcaemorfstluserevahtsumsmetsyS
4/30/1989
4/30/1992
4/30/1995
4/30/1998
4/30/2001
4/30/2004
Entry Point 1: Pumphouse for Well 1
Entry Point 1: Pumphouse for Well 1
Entry Point 1: Pumphouse for Well 1
Entry Point 1: Pumphouse for Well 1
Entry Point 1: Pumphouse for Well 1
Entry Point 1: Pumphouse for Well 1
Entry Point 2: Sample tap off of Well 2
Entry Point 2: Sample tap off of Well 2
Entry Point 2: Sample tap off of Well 2
Entry Point 2: Sample tap off of Well 2
Entry Point 2: Sample tap off of Well 2
0.002 mg/L
0.003 mg/L
0.004 mg/L
0.001 mg/L
0.002 mg/L
0.003 mg/L
0.004 mg/L
0.001 mg/L
0.001 mg/L
0.003 mg/L
0.001 mg/L
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
- EXAMPLE
Yes
Yes
10
Explanation of Example Arsenic Rule Planning Worksheet
This system is a ground water CWS with two entry points to its distribution system. The system takes routine arsenic samples at each of its
sampling points once every 3 years. On the example worksheet, the system has recorded its monitoring data from 1989 through 2004. The
system had its samples analyzed at a laboratory using EPA Method 200.8 except for 1992, when it sent them to a different laboratory, which
used SM 3120B (see page 24 for approved methods). The system is currently in compliance with the 0.050 mg/L arsenic MCL and, with all
results below 0.005 mg/L, it has enough of a safety margin to assume it will meet the revised 0.010 mg/L MCL.
In 1989, 1998, 2001, and 2004, the system has arsenic results ≤ 0.010 mg/L at each sampling point and the results were analyzed using
approved analytical methods.
In 1995, the system did not sample at Entry Point 2, so the system does not have arsenic results from each sampling point.
The system plans on taking its next compliance samples on April 30, 2007. If the system takes a sample at each sampling point, the results are
consistent with the previous results (i.e., between 0.001 mg/L and 0.004 mg/L), and the lab analyzes the samples using an approved method,
the system will be in compliance with the new Rule.
11
teehskroWgninnalPeluRcinesrA
elpmaSetaDdetcelloC tnioPgnilpmaS/SDTPE tluseR tluseRehtsaW
≤?L/gm010.0
nasaWdevorppAlacitylanAdohteM?desU a
yrevEsaWSDTPE?delpmaS b
a .noitamrofnieromrof52egapnonoitcesgnitsetyrotarobalehteeS.devorpparegnolonerasdohtemlacitylananiatreC
b .))a(32.141RFC04()SDTPE(metsysnoitubirtsidehtottniopyrtnehcaemorfstluserevahtsumsmetsyS
12
Consumer Confidence Report
CWSs must prepare annual CCRs (40 CFR 141.151). These reports tell your customers where their drinking water comes from, what is in it,
and how they can help protect it.
Although the revised arsenic MCL is only enforceable after January 23, 2006, the Arsenic Rule requires you to provide the following information
in your current CCRs.
If your arsenic sampling results are greater
than 0.010 mg/L (10 µg/L, or 10 ppb)*
If your arsenic sampling results are equal to
or less than 0.010 mg/L (10 µg/L, or 10 ppb),
but greater than 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L, or 5 ppb)
If your arsenic sampling results are equal to
or less than 0.005 mg/L (5 µg/L, or 5 ppb)
You must include the following Health Effects Statement in your CCR: “Some
people who drink water containing arsenic in excess of the MCL over many years
could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may
have an increased risk of getting cancer.” (40 CFR 141.153(d)(6) and 141.154(f))
You must include an Educational Statement in you CCR, such as: “While your
drinking water meets EPA’s standards for arsenic, it does contain low levels of arsenic.
EPA’s standard balances the current understanding of arsenic’s possible health effects
against the costs of removing arsenic from drinking water. EPA continues to research
the health effects of low levels of arsenic, which is a mineral known to cause cancer in
humans at high concentrations and is linked to other health effects such as skin
damage and circulatory problems.” (40 CFR 141.154(b))
No special language is required.
Note: Failure to provide this information is a violation of SDWA requirements.
*EPA invoked its authority under SDWA 1414(c)(4)(B)(vi) to require systems to include this health effects language. You can put this health
information into context by explaining to your customers that you are complying with existing standards.
13
STEP #5 – If a Problem Exists, What Are My Options?
If arsenic levels in your existing water source are too high, you may
need to make some adjustments, such as:
"Changing the source of your water.
"Partnering with other water systems.
"Upgrading or installing a new treatment technology.
These are possible options that your system may wish to investigate in
further detail. Please contact your State to learn more specific details
about options available to you, or how to obtain additional information.
Source Water Changes
If arsenic levels in your existing water source exceed the MCL, you
may want to consider blending water from a source with low arsenic
levels with your current source. The level of arsenic in the blended water may be low enough to comply with the Arsenic Rule.
An alternative is abandoning your source and developing a new one. Developing a new water source is expensive, but may be the most cost-
effective way to lower arsenic levels in the long run. Remember that a new water source may have lower levels of arsenic but higher levels of
other contaminants. In addition, switching to a surface water source will make your system subject to regulations that may require additional
filtration and disinfection.
NOTE:
Surface water systems include those
systems using ground water under the
direct influence of surface water
(GWUDI).
14
Partnerships With Other Water Systems
Small water systems face many of the same technical problems larger systems face, but they lack their financial resources. Working with other
water systems may allow you to lower costs, simplify management, and provide your customers with safe drinking water. By reducing costs and
the administrative burden of compliance, forming partnerships may enable water systems to comply more easily with the revised MCL than if
they “go it alone.”
There are several ways to form partnerships, including:
"Cooperative management. Small systems isolated from other systems
cannot physically interconnect, but they can share management,
operators, and technical staff. They may also form bulk-purchasing
agreements. Sharing staff may enable systems to use operators and
engineers who have the expertise to adjust the treatment trains to
ensure compliance. In addition, the money saved by sharing staff and
buying supplies in bulk may help systems be able to afford other
necessary compliance measures like new treatment technologies.
"Joining with one or more communities to form a consolidated
system. Two or more systems can physically interconnect to form a
larger system.
"Purchasing water from another established water system. If your
water source or treatment facility is inadequate, you may want to
purchase water from a neighboring system that has a history of
providing safe water.
15
Water Treatment
Treating your water to reduce arsenic will be necessary if more cost-effective alternatives are not available. EPA has identified best available
technologies (BATs) and small system compliance technologies (SSCTs) for removing arsenic from drinking water (40 CFR 141.62(c)&(d)).
BATs are technologies that have proven effective for large systems, and SSCTs are technologies that are effective and affordable for small
systems. Systems are not required to use any specific technology. Systems can use technologies not listed as BATs or SSCTs if they are
effective. Installing a BAT makes a system eligible for a general variance if, due to source water conditions, the system cannot achieve
compliance. A general variance, if approved by the State, would allow the system to supply water with an arsenic level above the MCL for a
certain period of time.
EPA anticipates that most small systems will use activated alumina (or another type of adsorptive media), reverse osmosis POU devices, or
modified lime softening. For more information on these technologies, see pages 16 and 17. Most technologies may require pre-treatment (e.g.,
chlorination) to effectively remove arsenic from drinking water. The need for pre-treatment depends on source water quality.
For more information on the approved technologies, see the Arsenic Rule (www.epa.gov/safewater/ars/arsenic_finalrule.html) and the
Implementation Guidance (www.epa.gov/safewater/ars/implement.html) (available September 2002). You may also wish to consider promising
technologies such as granular ferric hydroxide and modified activated alumina, which are not yet approved by EPA as BATs or SSCTs. EPA has
Technologies Likely to Be Used by Small Systems
"Activated alumina (BAT, SSCT)
"Activated alumina and reverse osmosis point-of-use (POU)
devices (SSCT)
"Modified lime softening (BAT, SSCT)
Other Technologies
"Anion exchange (BAT, SSCT)
"Coagulation-assisted microfiltration (SSCT)
"Modified coagulation/filtration (BAT, SSCT)
"Oxidation/filtration (including greensand filtration) (BAT,
SSCT)
"Reverse osmosis (BAT)
16
developed the Arsenic Treatment Technology Design Manual for Small Systems (EPA 816-R-02-011), which
examines these new technologies, as well as the BATs and SSCTs. This manual is available from EPA by
calling the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791 or by going on line at www.epa.gov/safewater/
smallsys/ssinfo.htm.
Activated Alumina
Activated alumina (AA), an adsorptive medium, uses very small grains, which are packed into a large
container. Water is then continuously passed through one or more containers. When AA is exhausted it is
simply disposed of and replaced with fresh AA. AA can treat water containing up to 0.160 mg/L of arsenic.1
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis uses high pressure to force water through a membrane with microscopic holes, that
prevents arsenic and other large contaminants from passing through. Some water is also not able to pass
through the membrane and is wasted. Reverse osmosis can treat water containing up to 0.160 mg/L of
arsenic.1
Modified Lime Softening
The addition of lime to water causes calcium and magnesium to form solid particles, which can then be
removed by clarification and filtration. Arsenic can join these particles and be removed along with them.
Lime softening is very expensive and water systems are unlikely to install this technology only for arsenic
removal. However, for water systems that use lime softening to reduce hardness, the process can be
modified to increase arsenic removal. Modified lime softening can treat water containing up to 0.080 mg/L
of arsenic.1
1The maximum recommended arsenic levels are calculated from removal rates that are typical for large systems and assume a safety factor of 20 percent. Small systems, which have
additional constraints, may not be able to remove high concentrations (more than 0.160 mg/L) of arsenic from water with the technology.
Centralized reverse osmosis
treatment equipment
Activated alumina treatment plant
Lime softening treatment plant
17
Point-of-Use Units
Under the Arsenic Rule, systems have another approach available for
achieving compliance. This approach involves system-installed and
maintained POU devices on a single tap in each customer’s
household.
If you choose this
approach, your
system will have to
arrange for regular
inspection and
maintenance of the
devices. You, not the
homeowner, are
responsible for
maintaining the POU
device. Either system
staff or service
providers under
contract with the
system must
regularly inspect and service each device. You will need to establish
and maintain an especially good working relationship with your
customers if you choose POU devices. Your employees or contractors
will need to enter customers’ homes on a regular basis.
Customers may be willing to accept this inconvenience because POU
devices may be much less expensive than central treatment.
Currently, EPA considers only activated alumina and reverse osmosis
POU devices to be POU SSCTs for arsenic removal.
Point-of-use reverse osmosis treatment unit
EPA is developing guidance on how to implement a POU compliance
strategy. You should consult with your State to determine whether a
POU compliance strategy can work for you.
Central Treatment
All water treated
Less expensive for large
communities
Capital costs very high, but
equipment lasts a long time
Little customer involvement
Does not require access to
individual homes
Some technologies require a
highly trained operator
Waste disposal may be
expensive
Point-of-Use Units
Treats water at the individual
taps where the unit is installed
Can be less expensive for
small communities
Capital costs low, but media
and membranes may require
frequent replacement
Much customer involvement
and support necessary
Requires access to individual
homes
Does not require a highly
trained operator; maintenance
can be contracted out
Waste disposal typically not a
problem
Central Treatment and Point-of-Use UnitsCompared
18
Arsenic Waste Disposal
What Do I Need to Consider When Deciding on a Waste Disposal Option?
All arsenic treatment technologies, other than zero-treatment options
such as alternate source use and blending, produce waste in the form
of liquid residuals (e.g., brine, concentrates, filter rinse, and
backwash), solid residuals (e.g., spent media, membranes, and
dewatered sludge), or both. These residuals contain concentrated
arsenic and other contaminants that must be disposed of properly.
Certain raw water characteristics can affect a system’s waste disposal
options and should be considered when selecting an arsenic treatment
technology. Raw water characteristics that may affect disposal
alternatives include:
"Excessively high or low pH.
"High concentrations of competing ions (including fluoride,
sodium, sulfate, and chloride).
"High total suspended solids (TSS).
"High total dissolved solids (TDS).
"High concentrations of heavy metals (including arsenic, lead,
chromium, and aluminum).
"High concentrations of radionuclides.
The type of waste generated depends on the arsenic treatment
technology selected. The following table shows the liquid and solid
waste residuals that will be produced by likely small system treatment
technologies.
You should work with your State to determine the best waste disposal
option for your system based on your treatment processes, the type of
waste generated, and the contaminant levels in the waste streams.
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sisomsoesreveR etartnecnoctcejeRretawhsawkcaB*tnatanrepuS
senarbmemtnepS*egdulS
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.laudiserfoepytsihtfonoitarenegelbissoP*
19
How Do I Know If My Waste Is Hazardous?
Based on existing data, EPA does not believe that the drinking water
treatment technologies used by small systems will generate hazardous
wastes. However, any system that generates a waste must determine
whether the waste is hazardous. The Final Arsenic Rule did not
change this Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
requirement.
Systems that produce hazardous waste must comply with the more
stringent RCRA disposal regulations. Under RCRA, arsenic is a
hazardous waste when:
"A liquid waste stream contains more than 5.0 mg/L of arsenic
(the current federal toxicity characteristic [TC] for arsenic).
"A solid waste stream fails the toxicity characteristic leaching
procedure (TCLP). The TCLP is a laboratory test used to
determine the potential of a solid waste to leach in a landfill
setting. If the liquid extraction of the TCLP contains more than
5.0 mg/L of arsenic, the waste is hazardous.
During the development of the Final Arsenic Rule, EPA tested many of
the waste streams generated by the BATs and found them to contain
arsenic levels between 0.050 mg/L (activated alumina and lime
softening) and 1.0 mg/L (iron coagulation plant), thus making them
non-hazardous.
Since removal technologies frequently remove other contaminants in
addition to arsenic, your waste residual may also have concentrated
levels of co-occurring contaminants such as lead, barium, or
radionuclides. The removal of co-occurring contaminants may create
disposal problems even when the arsenic level in your waste residuals
is not high enough to trigger a hazardous waste classification. Again,
water systems should thoroughly test their wastes prior to making
disposal decisions!
20
Selecting a Technology to Treat Arsenic
When choosing a technology, remember:
1. It is usually easier and cheaper to modify an existing
treatment system than to install new treatment.
2. If you choose carefully, you may be able to install one
technology to achieve compliance with the Arsenic Rule and
other new rules. For more information on EPA’s current and
proposed regulations see www.epa.gov/safewater/regs.html or
call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.
3. You may need additional training to learn how to operate and
maintain a new treatment process.
4. Most treatment technologies are more effective when the
source water is pre-treated.
5. You should consider all options for waste disposal when you
are choosing a treatment technology.
6. You should always pilot test a treatment method before
installing it. Technologies are highly dependent on system-
specific considerations.
7. Your State may be able to help you choose an appropriate
treatment technology.
For more information about treatment technologies and how they
might work for you, ask your State or refer to:
"The Arsenic Treatment Technology Design Manual for Small
Systems (EPA 816-R-02-011), available from EPA by calling
the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791.
"www.epa.gov/ogwdw000/ars/treat.html
DEMONSTRATIONS
EPA is conducting a demonstration program on the treatment of
arsenic in drinking water. The Agency intends to identify and
evaluate commercially available technologies, engineering
options, or other approaches that cost-effectively help small
systems (10,000 or fewer customers) meet the revised arsenic
MCL. For more information on this program, see www.epa.gov/
ORD/NRMRL/arsenic/.
21
Contact Information
www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/communitydevelopment/
programs/stateadmin/stateadmincontact.cfm
(202) 708-1112
www.doc.gov/eda/HTML/1c_regloffices.htm
(202) 482-5081
www.cobank.com
(800) 542-8072
www.rcac.org/programs/serv-financial.html
(916) 447-2854
Description
This program offers grants to disadvantaged cities, urban counties, and States
to develop viable urban communities.
These grants help distressed communities overcome barriers that inhibit the
growth of their local economies.
CoBank provides loans to larger, creditworthy rural utilities.
RCAC provides loans to rural utilities in 11 western States to help meet the
financing needs of rural communities and disadvantaged populations.
STEP #6 – How Will I Implement My Selected Option?
Financial Assistance
Developing a new water source, consolidating with another water system, and installing or modifying a treatment technology can be expensive.
System improvements can be funded by raising rates, issuing bonds, or by successfully applying for loans or grants. The tables below provide
information on some programs that may provide financial assistance to help you comply with the Arsenic Rule.
Name of Program
Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund (DWSRF)
Rural Utilities Service (RUS) Water
and Waste Disposal Loan and Grant
Program
State-specific programs
Tribal-specific programs
Name of Program
Community Development Block
Grants (CDBG)
Public Works and Infrastructure
Development Grants
National Bank for Cooperatives Loan
Program (CoBank)
Rural Community Assistance
Corporation (RCAC)
Description
The DWSRF makes low-interest and interest-free loans to water systems to finance infrastructure
improvements. States can “set aside” funds from their annual EPA grant to provide technical
assistance to small systems and to finance small system improvement projects.
This program offers loans and grants to rural areas to develop water and waste-disposal systems and
to reduce the user costs of these systems.
Your State may offer additional funding programs.
EPA makes direct grants (not loans) to Tribes through the DWSRF Tribal Set-Aside Program for
improvements to water systems that serve Tribes. States and the Indian Health Service may provide
additional financial assistance.
Contact Information
www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf/
contacts.html
Safe Drinking Water Hotline at
1-800-426-4791
www.usda.gov/rus/water/states/
usamap.htm
(202) 720-9540
See Appendix B
See Appendix C
Major Providers of Financial Assistance to Drinking Water Systems
Other Potential Sources of Financing or Financial Assistance to Drinking Water Systems
22
Exemptions for Systems That Need More Time to Comply
Systems should start planning now to meet the revised MCL. Some systems having difficulty meeting the revised MCL may need extra time to
comply. States may grant exemptions to eligible systems of any size that cannot comply with the revised MCL by January 23, 2006. An
exemption provides a system with 3 additional years to comply with the revised MCL, while continuing to protect public health. If a system
serves fewer than 3,300 people, the initial exemption may be extended. At the end of the exemption period the system must be in compliance
with the 0.010 mg/L MCL (SDWA section 1416(b)(2)).
Systems should request an exemption from their State as soon as they determine that compliance by January 23, 2006 is not feasible. If
granted an exemption, the State will establish a compliance schedule that allows the system time to secure financing and implement a
compliance strategy. A system may be eligible for an exemption if (40 CFR 142.20(b) and SDWA section 1416(a)):
1. It cannot comply with the MCL due to a “compelling factor” (such as serving a disadvantaged community).
2. It was in operation before January 23, 2006.
2
3. It cannot develop an alternative source of water.
4. The exemption will not result in an “unreasonable risk to health.” EPA provided guidance on the arsenic concentration levels that will not
pose an unreasonable risk to health for exemptions of various durations. States may establish more rigorous criteria or may opt to not
issue any exemptions.
5. It cannot reasonably make management or restructuring changes that would result in compliance or improve the quality of drinking
water if compliance is not achieved.
In addition, a system still must be taking all practicable steps to meet the revised MCL, and either must: (1) need capital improvements that
cannot be completed before January 23, 2006; (2) need financial assistance to complete capital improvements that will not be available by
January 23, 2006 but is reasonably likely to be available during the exemption; or (3) have agreed to become part of a regional PWS (40 CFR
142.20(b) and SDWA section 1416(b)(2)(B)). More information about exemptions can be found at www.epa.gov/safewater/standard/ve-fs.html.
Check with your State to see if you are eligible.
2 If not operating by January 23, 2006, a system may still be eligible if it has no reasonable alternative source of drinking water available to it and it meets all other eligibility criteria.
23
STEP #7 – How and When Must I Demonstrate Compliance
with the Arsenic Rule?
You may continue to follow your current monitoring schedule. To determine compliance with
the new arsenic standard, you must collect a compliance sample for arsenic in accordance
with the standard monitoring framework (40 CFR 141.23(c)(1)). If you are:
"A ground water system, you must sample before December 31, 2007.
"A surface water or GWUDI system, you must sample before December 31, 2006.
These samples must be collected in accordance with the new monitoring requirements, so
unless your State tells you otherwise, these samples need to be taken from each sampling
point and analyzed using approved analytical methods (40 CFR 141.23(a)(4)(i)&(k)(1)).
Grandfathering Data
Your State may allow you to “grandfather” previous arsenic results. States can allow only data collected in accordance with the new monitoring
requirements to be grandfathered. To be eligible:
"Ground water systems must collect samples between January 1, 2005 and January 23, 2006.
"Surface water and GWUDI systems must collect samples between January 1, 2006 and January 23, 2006.
All samples must be analyzed using approved analytical methods and have arsenic levels below 0.010 mg/L. For example, the system
described on the Arsenic Planning Worksheet (see page 9), took samples in 2004 and plans on taking its next compliance samples on April 30,
2007. Because this groundwater system will not have taken a sample for arsenic between January 1, 2005 and January 23, 2006, it will not
have data that are eligible for grandfathering.
Compositing samples
Your State may allow you to collect up to five
samples and have the lab composite them and
analyze them together to reduce costs.
However, if more than 0.002 mg/L of arsenic is
detected in your composited sample, you will
need to take follow-up samples (40 CFR
141.23(a)(4)).
24
Laboratory Testing
Certain analytical methods previously used by laboratories to measure arsenic concentrations are not sensitive enough to determine if your
system is in compliance with the revised arsenic MCL of 0.010 mg/L. The methods that are no longer appropriate for compliance sampling are
EPA method 200.7 and SM 3120B. The currently acceptable methods for compliance sampling are:
"EPA 200.8
"EPA 200.9
"SM 3113B
"SM 3114B
"ASTM D-2972-93B
"ASTM D-2972-93C
Contact your State if you are unsure about the method your lab normally uses.
25
STEP #8 – What Does Compliance Monitoring Involve?
Monitoring Instructions
Routine Monitoring
If your monitoring results are at or below the revised MCL, you still must perform
routine monitoring for arsenic at each sampling point (40 CFR 141.23(c)(1)):
!Once every 3 years during each nine year compliance cycle for ground
water systems.
!Annually for surface water and GWUDI systems.
Waivers
Your State may issue you a waiver to reduce your monitoring frequency if your
system historically has had arsenic levels below the revised MCL. Waivers allow you to take one sample during each 9-year compliance cycle. To
be eligible for a waiver, you must have sampling results from three previous compliance periods (see Routine Monitoring, above) that (40 CFR
141.23(c)):
!Were collected at each sampling point.
!All were analyzed using analytical methods approved by the Arsenic Rule.
!All have arsenic levels below 0.010 mg/L.
For example, the system described in the Arsenic Planning Worksheet monitored during the previous three compliance periods (i.e., in 1998, 2001,
and 2004). The system also collected samples from each sampling point and analyzed them using approved analytical methods. Since all of the
results were below 0.010 mg/L, this system may be eligible for a waiver. Note that, in 1992, the system used analytical method SM 3120B. This
method is not approved for compliance with the revised MCL, so the data from 1992 could not be used to satisfy the waiver eligibility requirements.
In addition, the system did not sample from each sampling point in 1995. Therefore, these data do not meet the waiver requirements.
Typical inorganic contaminant sampling containers.
26
Increased Monitoring
Even if you are in compliance with the MCL, your State may require you to monitor more
frequently (40 CFR 141.23(g)). Please contact your State for more information.
Compliance Determination
If the arsenic concentration in any of your samples exceeds 0.010 mg/L, your State may
direct you to take a confirmation sample within 2 weeks (40 CFR 141.23(f)(1)). If the
average of the initial sample and the confirmation sample is over 0.010 mg/L, you must
begin quarterly monitoring at that sampling point (40 CFR 141.23(f)(3)&(c)(7)).
Calculate compliance with the MCL based on the running annual average, which is the
sum of your results from the previous four quarters divided by the number of samples
taken (40 CFR 141.23(i)(2)). You will be in violation when the running annual average
exceeds 0.010 mg/L.
!You must divide the sum of the sample results from the previous four quarters by
the number of samples taken. For example, if you failed to sample in one quarter,
add the results from the other three quarters and divide by 3.
!During your first year of quarterly sampling, you will not yet have four quarters of results. In this case, you can assume the best case
scenario when calculating the running annual average. Results for all future quarters (within the first year) can be entered as 0.0 mg/L.
An example illustrating these directions is presented on page 28 of this guide.
Sampling and Reporting Notes
The four quarters are:
Q1: January - March
Q2: April - June
Q3: July - September
Q4: October - December
When you calculate your running annual
average, use 0.0 mg/L for all samples with
arsenic levels below what the analytical
method can detect.
If your State allows you to take more than the
required number of samples, all of your
samples will be averaged to determine
compliance.
27
Monitoring and Reporting Violations
You have committed a monitoring and reporting (M&R) violation if:
!You fail to take a sample;
!You do not sample from each sampling point; or,
!You do not report your results to the State on time.
Maximum Contaminant Level Violations
If the running annual average of arsenic at a sampling point is greater than 0.010 mg/L, your system is in violation of the MCL
(40 CFR 141.23(i)(1)). If you monitor once a year or less and the result from the initial sample (or the average of the results from the
initial and confirmation samples) is greater than 0.010 mg/L but not more than 0.040 mg/L, your system has not yet violated the MCL.
Having a result greater than 0.010 mg/L will require you to collect quarterly samples. If your system has an MCL violation, you must
continue quarterly sampling until your State determines that your system is reliably and consistently below the MCL.
The example on the next page provides a more detailed explanation of how to calculate compliance. The example is of a small groundwater
system that monitors at its one sampling point every 3 years.
Note: If your lab
automatically sends the
results to the State, you
should check to make sure
the lab sent them in on time.
28
*States may require systems to collect confirmation samples. The confirmation samples are averaged with the initial sample when calculating the running annual average.
**Before four quarters have elapsed, the running annual average is calculated assuming the best-case scenario, which is that all future results will be below the detection limit.
Example of Calculating Compliance for a Small Ground Water System
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8002lirpAL/gm800.0A/NA/NA/NON
1102lirpAL/gm230.0L/gm630.0L/gm430.0 0+0+0+430.0 L/gm900.0=ON4
1102yluJL/gm130.0L/gm920.0L/gm030.0 0+0+030.0+430.0 L/gm610.0=SEY4
1102rebotcOL/gm310.0L/gm110.0L/gm210.0 0+210.0+030.0+430.0 L/gm910.0=SEY4
2102yraunaJL/gm010.0L/gm010.0L/gm010.0 010.0+210.0+030.0+430.0 L/gm220.0=SEY4
2102lirpA OTDELIAF
ELPMAS A/NA/N 010.0+210.0+030.0 L/gm710.0=SEY3
2102yluJL/gm800.0A/NA/N 800.0+010.0+210.0 L/gm010.0=ON3
The system takes its routine sample.
The State requires a confirmation
sample because the result is greater
than 0.010 mg/L. The State also re-
quires the system to begin quarterly
monitoring because the average of the
routine and confirmation samples is
greater than 0.010 mg/L. Because the
system has less than four quarterly
samples, it assumes the best case
scenario and uses 0.0 mg/L for all
future monitoring results when cal-
culating the running annual aver-
age. At this point, the system is not in
violation because the running annual
average of the system is less than
0.010 mg/L.
The running annual average is greater
than 0.010 mg/L, so the system is in
violation of the MCL.
The system has both an MCL and an
M&R violation. Because the system
failed to sample, it has committed an
M&R violation. The running annual av-
erage for this quarter is calculated us-
ing only the samples that were taken
during the last four quarters. Because
only 3 samples were taken, the sum
of the three samples is divided by 3.
Because the running annual average
is greater than 0.010 mg/L, the sys-
tem is also in violation of the MCL.
This system is no longer in violation
of the MCL at this sampling point. The
system must continue quarterly moni-
toring until told otherwise by its State.
The system takes its routine sample once every 3 years. Be-
cause the result is less than 0.010 mg/L and the State does
not require a confirmation sample, the system does not need
to sample again for 3 years.
29
Reporting and Notification Requirements
Keeping the State and your customers informed is part of your responsibility as a public
water system. The State needs to know if your system poses any health risks so it can
help you protect your customers. Informed customers are more likely to understand the
need for a new treatment system, infrastructure changes, and rate increases.
If you have an M&R violation, you must (40 CFR 141.31(b) & 141.204):
!Report this violation to the State within 48 hours of when the violation occurs.
!Notify your customers within a year. You may be able to incorporate this information into your CCR instead of a separate notification.
If you have an MCL violation, you must (40 CFR 141.31(b) & 141.203):
!Report this violation to the State within 48 hours of receiving the lab results.
!Notify your customers within 30 days.
In both cases, you must send a copy of any public notice to the State.
If you are in compliance, you must report your results and running annual average, if any, to the State within 10 days after the end of the
month in which the sample was taken, or within 10 days of the end of the sampling period, whichever is shorter (40 CFR 141.31(a)).
In your annual Consumer Confidence Report, you must include a statement about arsenic if monitoring results exceed 0.005 mg/L (40 CFR
141.153(d)(6) and 141.154(b)&(f)). See page 12 of this guide for more information.
REMEMBER!
You must send your State representative
copies of all public notifications sent to your
customers. The water system must also certify
that it has fully complied with the public
notification regulations. This must be done
within 10 days of sending out a public
notice (40 CFR 141.31(d)).
30
The Compliance Assurance Process
Small systems that must comply with new regulations often want to do the right thing, but lack the knowledge, resources, or skills. Compliance
assistance information and technical advice is available to help small systems understand and meet their obligations. Compliance assistance
centers are available to help you. EPA also offers compliance incentives to encourage systems to voluntarily discover, disclose, and correct
violations. Systems using these incentives may receive reduced, and in some cases waived, penalties. Systems that neither comply nor
disclose their compliance problems can face administrative or civil enforcement actions that could result in monetary penalties, compliance
orders, or court orders. For more information on compliance assistance incentive programs for small systems, you can contact the Safe
Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791 or www.assistancecenters.net.
Your compliance with the Arsenic Rule is determined through calculations based on the results of your monitoring, as shown on page 26 of this
guide. If you discover that you have violated the Arsenic Rule, you must contact your State to discuss the situation. You must provide public
notice to your customers (see page 29), and include information in your CCR (see page 12 of this guide). Although you are ultimately
responsible for resolving your compliance problems, your State may work with you to determine the best way to correct the violation and create
a long-term compliance solution.
Ultimately, the goal of any drinking water regulation is to protect public health. EPA recognizes that the best way to achieve that goal is by
encouraging small systems to work with their States to discover, disclose, and correct violations. Drinking water systems that are out of
compliance fail to protect public health and may face enforcement actions.
The monitoring worksheets provided in the next few pages will help you keep track of your monitoring results and help you determine
compliance.
31
Monitoring Worksheets
Two monitoring worksheets are provided here. The first is for routine or reduced sampling; the second is for quarterly sampling. You should check
with your State so that you know your exact sampling schedule. Depending on your source water and your previous arsenic results, you may be
required to take samples quarterly, annually, once every 3 years, or once every 9 years.
These monitoring worksheets will help you:
!Collect the correct number of samples for each sampling period.
!Report monitoring results to your State on time.
!Collect appropriate confirmation samples.
!Know when your system is in violation of the arsenic MCL.
!Report MCL violations to your State and your customers on time.
Several copies of each worksheet are provided. The first copy is followed by instructions on how to complete it. The second copy is an example.
The third is a blank worksheet that you can photocopy and use. Please note that your State may have a monitoring form of its own that must be
used to submit sample results. If that is the case, the worksheets provided here do not replace the State form.
32
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gnilpmaS/SDTPE tnioPb
etaDelpmaSdetcelloC
cinesrAtluseRc
ELCRIC(fitluser )L/gm010.0>
tluseRetaDotdetropeRetatSd
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noitamrifnoCelpmaSfi(tluseR )deriuqer c
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.1 =
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.))1()c(32.141RFC04(tniopgnilpmashcae
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c sitluserynafI.eludehcsdebircserp-etatSehthtiwecnadroccanitniopgnilpmashcaetagnilpmaseunitnoc,L/gm010.0nahtsselrootlauqeerastniopgnilpmasehtfollatastluserehtfI
tahttaselpmasnoitamrifnoceriuqeryametatSruoy,REVEWOH.))7()c(32.141RFC04(retrauqtxenehtnitniopgnilpmastahttagnirotinomylretrauqnigebtsumuoy,L/gm010.0nahtretaerg
RFC04(ecnailpmocetaluclacotdesueblliwselpmasnoitamrifnocdnalaitiniehtfoegarevaehT.))1()f(32.141RFC04(skeew2nihtiwnekatebtsumselpmasnoitamrifnocehT.tniopgnilpmas
.))7()c(32.141RFC04(etatSruoyybesiwrehtodetceridsselnuretrauqtxenehtnitniopgnilpmastahttagnirotinomylretrauqnigebtsumuoy,L/gm010.0nahtretaergsiegarevaehtfI.))f(32.141
d .))a(13.141RFC04(retrohssirevehcihw,doirepgnilpmasehtfodneehtfosyad01nihtiwronekatsawelpmasehthcihwnihtnomehtretfasyad01nihtiwstluserruoyeviecertsumetatSruoY.stluserehtdevieceretatSehttahtmrifnocdluohsuoyhguohtla,yllacitamotuaosseodyrotarobalruoyfitluserehttroperotdeentonoduoY
e .etatSruoyotdetroperebtsumselpmasnoitamrifnocruoynehwenimretedlliwetatSruoY
1
2 3 4 55
33
Using the Arsenic Monitoring Worksheet for Routine and Reduced Monitoring
This section presents instructions for completing the Arsenic Monitoring Worksheet for Routine and Reduced Monitoring. Each step presented
here corresponds to a numbered section of the sample worksheet on page 32.
Step #1
Step #2
Step #3
Step #4
Enter sampling point(s).
!Enter which entry points to your distribution
system you are sampling, and record any
additional details about the exact sampling
location. If samples will be composited,
make sure that you note which locations the
lab is compositing.
Record date of routine samples.
!Unless told otherwise by your State, you
must sample annually if your system uses
surface water or GWUDI and once every 3
years if your system uses ground water.
!Next to each sampling location, record the
date when routine sampling occurred.
Record routine arsenic test result(s).
!Based on the lab report, record the value for
each sample and CIRCLE it if it is greater
than than 0.010 mg/L.
!Your State may direct you to take
confirmation sample(s) or begin quarterly
monitoring at any sampling point with
results greater than 0.010 mg/L.
Notify the State of your result(s).
!Record the date you notified the State of
your results. Your State must receive your
results within 10 days after the end of the
month in which the sample was taken or
within 10 days of the end of the sampling
period, whichever is shorter. However, you
must report MCL violations (i.e., an initial
sample greater than four times the revised
arsenic MCL [>0.040 mg/L]) to the State
within 48 hours.
!NOTE: If you use a laboratory that sends
the results directly to the State, you do
not need to report the results to the
State, but you need to confirm that the
State received them.
34
Take confirmation sample(s) (if required).
!If your State requires you to take
confirmation samples, they must be taken
within 14 days of the initial sample. Record
the date when you take the confirmation
samples.
!For each sampling location at which you
must take confirmation samples, record the
results of your confirmation samples.
!Average the initial and confirmation
samples. CIRCLE the average if it is higher
than 0.010 mg/L. You may be required to
take additional confirmation sample(s) or
begin quarterly monitoring at this sampling
location.
!Record the date you notified the State of
your confirmation sample results. Your
State will determine when you must report
the result to your State. However, you must
report MCL violations (i.e., an average of
initial and confirmation samples that is
greater than four times the revised MCL
[ >0.040 mg/L]) to the State within 48 hours.
!If you use a laboratory that sends the results
directly to the State, you do not need to
report the results to the State, but you need
to confirm that your State received them.
Step #5
!If any sample (or, if your State required
confirmation samples, the average of your
initial and confirmation samples) is greater
than 0.010 mg/L, your State will require
follow-up actions, which may include
quarterly monitoring. Use the monitoring
worksheet on page 38 to keep track of your
quarterly monitoring. Use a different
worksheet for each sampling point at which
you need to monitor quarterly.
35
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tluseRetaDotdetropeRetatSd
etaD noitamrifnoCelpmaSfi(detcelloC)deriuqer c
noitamrifnoCelpmaSfi(tluseR )deriuqer c
dnalaitinIfoegarevA fi(stluseRnoitamrifnoC)deriuqer c egarevaELCRIC()L/gm010.0>fi
etaD noitamrifnoCtluseRelpmaSotdetropeRfi(etatS )deriuqer e,c
.1 =
.2 =
.3 =
.4 =
a tasraey3yreveecnoselpmasekattsumsmetsysretawdnuorgdna,tniopgnilpmashcaetaselpmaslaunnaekattsumsmetsysIDUWGdnaretawecafrus,etatSriehtybesiwrehtodlotsselnU
.))1()c(32.141RFC04(tniopgnilpmashcae
b .yrotarobalehtnidetisopmoceblliwselpmaseht,selpmasetisopmocotuoydewollasahetatSruoyfI.))a(32.141RFC04(SDTPEhcaetaelpmasenoekattsumuoY
c sitluserynafI.eludehcsdebircserp-etatSehthtiwecnadroccanitniopgnilpmashcaetagnilpmaseunitnoc,L/gm010.0nahtsselrootlauqeerastniopgnilpmasehtfollatastluserehtfI
tahttaselpmasnoitamrifnoceriuqeryametatSruoy,REVEWOH.))7()c(32.141RFC04(retrauqtxenehtnitniopgnilpmastahttagnirotinomylretrauqnigebtsumuoy,L/gm010.0nahtretaerg
RFC04(ecnailpmocetaluclacotdesueblliwselpmasnoitamrifnocdnalaitiniehtfoegarevaehT.))1()f(32.141RFC04(skeew2nihtiwnekatebtsumselpmasnoitamrifnocehT.tniopgnilpmas
.))7()c(32.141RFC04(etatSruoyybesiwrehtodetceridsselnuretrauqtxenehtnitniopgnilpmastahttagnirotinomylretrauqnigebtsumuoy,L/gm010.0nahtretaergsiegarevaehtfI.))f(32.141
d .))a(13.141RFC04(retrohssirevehcihw,doirepgnilpmasehtfodneehtfosyad01nihtiwronekatsawelpmasehthcihwnihtnomehtretfasyad01nihtiwstluserruoyeviecertsumetatSruoY.stluserehtdevieceretatSehttahtmrifnocdluohsuoyhguohtla,yllacitamotuaosseodyrotarobalruoyfitluserehttroperotdeentonoduoY
e .etatSruoyotdetroperebtsumselpmasnoitamrifnocruoynehwenimretedlliwetatSruoY
Entry Point 1:Pumphouse forWellhead 1
Entry Point 2:Sample tap off ofWell 2
Entry Point 3:Sample tap insidemechanical room
7/15/2010
0.004 mg/L7/15/2010
7/15/2010
0.002 mg/L
0.017 mg/L
7/31/2010
7/31/2010
7/31/2010 8/10/2010 0.015 mg/L 0.017+0.015
2 0.016 mg/L 8/25/2010
- EXAMPLE
36
Explanation of Example Arsenic Monitoring Worksheet for Routine and Reduced Monitoring
This system is a ground water system with three entry points to its distribution system. The system takes routine arsenic samples at each of its
sampling points once every 3 years. The example is for the year 2010.
The laboratory results showed that arsenic was less than 0.010 mg/L at Entry Points 1 and 2. The State did not require confirmation samples for
these sampling points, and the system would next monitor at these sampling points by 2013.
The result for Entry Point 3 was greater than 0.010 mg/L. The State required a confirmation sample, which the system took within 14 days. The
average of the results of the initial sample and confirmation sample was greater than 0.010 mg/L. However, the running annual average is less
than 0.010 mg/L and the system was not in violation of the MCL at this time. (Because only one sample was taken at Entry Point 3 in this year,
the running annual average is calculated by assuming the best case scenario, which is that all future results will be below the detection limit.
Therefore, the running annual average is equal to 0.016 mg/L divided by 4, or 0.004 mg/L.)
The State did not require additional confirmation samples and directed the system to begin quarterly monitoring at Entry Point 3. The system
had to begin taking quarterly samples in the next quarter (October 2010 to December 2010).
The worksheet on page 38 is meant to help you keep track of your quarterly monitoring results. To see how this example system filled out the
worksheet for its quarterly monitoring at Entry Point 3, see page 41.
37
gnirotinoMdecudeRdnaenituoRrofteehskroWgnirotinoMcinesrAa
gnilpmaS/SDTPE tnioPb
etaD elpmaSdetcelloC
cinesrAtluseRc
ELCRIC(fitluser )L/gm010.0>
tluseRetaDotdetropeRetatSd
etaD noitamrifnoCelpmaSfi(detcelloC)deriuqer c
noitamrifnoCelpmaSfi(tluseR )deriuqer c
dnalaitinIfoegarevA fi(stluseRnoitamrifnoC)deriuqer c egarevaELCRIC()L/gm010.0>fi
etaD noitamrifnoCtluseRelpmaSotdetropeRfi(etatS )deriuqer e,c
.1 =
.2 =
.3 =
.4 =
a tasraey3yreveecnoselpmasekattsumsmetsysretawdnuorgdna,tniopgnilpmashcaetaselpmaslaunnaekattsumsmetsysIDUWGdnaretawecafrus,etatSriehtybesiwrehtodlotsselnU
.))1()c(32.141RFC04(tniopgnilpmashcae
b .yrotarobalehtnidetisopmoceblliwselpmaseht,selpmasetisopmocotuoydewollasahetatSruoyfI.))a(32.141RFC04(SDTPEhcaetaelpmasenoekattsumuoY
c sitluserynafI.eludehcsdebircserp-etatSehthtiwecnadroccanitniopgnilpmashcaetagnilpmaseunitnoc,L/gm010.0nahtsselrootlauqeerastniopgnilpmasehtfollatastluserehtfI
tahttaselpmasnoitamrifnoceriuqeryametatSruoy,REVEWOH.))7()c(32.141RFC04(retrauqtxenehtnitniopgnilpmastahttagnirotinomylretrauqnigebtsumuoy,L/gm010.0nahtretaerg
RFC04(ecnailpmocetaluclacotdesueblliwselpmasnoitamrifnocdnalaitiniehtfoegarevaehT.))1()f(32.141RFC04(skeew2nihtiwnekatebtsumselpmasnoitamrifnocehT.tniopgnilpmas
.))7()c(32.141RFC04(etatSruoyybesiwrehtodetceridsselnuretrauqtxenehtnitniopgnilpmastahttagnirotinomylretrauqnigebtsumuoy,L/gm010.0nahtretaergsiegarevaehtfI.))f(32.141
d .))a(13.141RFC04(retrohssirevehcihw,doirepgnilpmasehtfodneehtfosyad01nihtiwronekatsawelpmasehthcihwnihtnomehtretfasyad01nihtiwstluserruoyeviecertsumetatSruoY
.stluserehtdevieceretatSehttahtmrifnocdluohsuoyhguohtla,yllacitamotuaosseodyrotarobalruoyfitluserehttroperotdeentonoduoY
e .etatSruoyotdetroperebtsumselpmasnoitamrifnocruoynehwenimretedlliwetatSruoY
38
gnirotinoMylretrauQrofteehskroWgnirotinoMcinesrA
:tnioPgnilpmaS/SDTPE
retrauQ elpmaSetaD
detcelloC tluseRcinesrA noitaluclaCegarevAlaunnAgninnuRa
)L/gm010.0>fiELCRIC(
detropeRtluseRetaD
etatSot c,b
)s(noitaloiVetaD
otdetropeR
sremotsuCc
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=:LCM
:R&M
=:LCM
:R&M
=:LCM
:R&M
=:LCM
:R&M
=:LCM
:R&M
=:LCM
:R&M
=:LCM
:R&M
=:LCM
:R&M
a RFC04(kootuoyselpmasylretrauqforebmunehtybedividdnasretrauqruoftsalehtgnirudnekatselpmasylretrauqehtpudda,egarevalaunnagninnurehtgnitaluclacnehW
ehtybedivid,daetsni;elpmasaekatotdeliafuoyfiL/gm0.0tresnitonoD.gnilpmasylretrauqforaeytsrifehtgnirudselpmasylretrauqerutufllarofL/gm0.0tresnI.))1()i(32.141
.))1()i(32.141RFC04(cinesrafoL/gm0.0evahtimilnoitceteddohtemehtwolebstluserllatahtemussA.kootuoyselpmasforebmun
b retfasyad01nihtiwstluserruoyeviecertsumetatSruoy,noitaloivonsierehtfI.))a(302.141RFC04(sruoh84nihtiwstluserruoyeviecertsumetatSruoy,noitaloivLCMnaevahuoyfI
ruoyfitluserehttroperotdeentonoduoY.))a(13.141RFC04(retrohssirevehcihw,doirepgnilpmasehtfodneehtfosyad01nihtiwronekatsawelpmasehthcihwnihtnomeht
.tidevieceretatSehttahtmrifnocdluohsuoyhguohtla,yllacitamotuaosseodyrotarobal
c ruoydnasruoh84nihtiwetatSehtyfitontsumuoY.))i(32.141RFC04(LCMehtdetaloivsahmetsysruoyneht,L/gm010.0nahtretaergsiSDTPEynataegarevalaunnagninnurehtfI .etatSruoyybderiuqersanoitcaevitcerrocrehtoekatdna,gnirotinomylretrauqeunitnoc,)302.141RFC04dna)b(13.141RFC04(syad03nihtiwsremotsuc
1
234 5 6 7
39
Using the Arsenic Monitoring Worksheet for Quarterly Monitoring
If any sampling result (or the average of the initial and confirmation samples) is greater than 0.010 mg/L, then you must increase your
monitoring for arsenic to quarterly at that sampling point. This section presents instructions for completing the Arsenic Monitoring Worksheet for
Quarterly Monitoring. Each step presented here corresponds to a numbered section of the sample worksheet on page 38. Use a different
worksheet for each sampling point.
Enter sampling point.
!Enter the sampling point at which you must
sample quarterly, and record any additional
details about the exact sampling location.
!If you must sample quarterly at more than
one sampling point, use a separate
worksheet for each point.
Quarterly sampling.
!Enter the quarter in which you took the
sample. The four quarters are:
Q1: January to March
Q2: April to June
Q3: July to September
Q4: October to December
Record date of sample.
!Next to the quarter, record the date when
you collected the sample.
Record quarterly arsenic test result.
!Record the sampling result.
Calculate the running annual average.
!If you have been taking quarterly samples
for a year or more, add up the quarterly
samples for the last four quarters and divide
by the number of quarterly samples taken
during those four quarters. If you fail to take
a sample, add up the samples you have
taken and divide by the number of samples
you took. Do not insert 0.0 mg/L if you fail
to sample.
Step #1
Step #2
Step #4
Step #5
Step #3
REMEMBER!
If your routine sample (or the average of your routine sample and any confirmation samples) was
greater than 0.010 mg/L and your State required quarterly monitoring, enter information about the
routine sample (or the average of the routine sample and any confirmation samples). This counts as
your first quarterly sample.
40
!If you have been taking quarterly samples
for less than a year, add up the quarterly
samples taken so far, insert 0.0 mg/L for the
quarters that have not yet occurred, and
divide by 4. This presents the best case
scenario, which assumes that all future
monitoring results will be below the
detection limit.
!If your State directed you to take any
confirmation samples, use the average of
the routine and any confirmation samples
when calculating the running annual
average.
!If the running annual average is greater
than 0.010 mg/L, then your system has
violated the revised MCL for arsenic.
CIRCLE the running annual average if it is
higher than 0.010 mg/L.
Notify the State of your results.
!You must report MCL violations (i.e., a
sample that causes the running annual
average to become greater than 0.010 mg/L
of arsenic) to the State within 48 hours.
!Otherwise, your State must receive your
results within 10 days after the month in
which the sample was taken or within 10
days of the end of the sampling period,
whichever is shorter.
!Record the date you notified the State of
your result.
!If you use a laboratory that sends the results
directly to the State, you do not need to
report the results to the State, but you need
to confirm that your State received them.
Notify your customers.
!You must notify your customers within 30
days of an MCL violation. Record when you
notified your customers.
!You must also notify your customers within
one year if you commit any M&R violations,
such as failing to take a sample. If you
committed an M&R violation, record when
you notified your customers.
!Send a copy of any customer notification to
the State (along with a certification that all
customer reporting rules were met) within
10 days of distributing the notice.Step #6
Step #7
41
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)L/gm010.0>fiELCRIC(
detropeRtluseRetaD
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=:LCM
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=:LCM
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a RFC04(kootuoyselpmasylretrauqforebmunehtybedividdnasretrauqruoftsalehtgnirudnekatselpmasylretrauqehtpudda,egarevalaunnagninnurehtgnitaluclacnehW
ehtybedivid,daetsni;elpmasaekatotdeliafuoyfiL/gm0.0tresnitonoD.gnilpmasylretrauqforaeytsrifehtgnirudselpmasylretrauqerutufllarofL/gm0.0tresnI.))1()i(32.141
.))1()i(32.141RFC04(cinesrafoL/gm0.0evahtimilnoitceteddohtemehtwolebstluserllatahtemussA.kootuoyselpmasforebmun
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ruoyfitluserehttroperotdeentonoduoY.))a(13.141RFC04(retrohssirevehcihw,doirepgnilpmasehtfodneehtfosyad01nihtiwronekatsawelpmasehthcihwnihtnomeht
.tidevieceretatSehttahtmrifnocdluohsuoyhguohtla,yllacitamotuaosseodyrotarobal
c ruoydnasruoh84nihtiwetatSehtyfitontsumuoY.))i(32.141RFC04(LCMehtdetaloivsahmetsysruoyneht,L/gm010.0nahtretaergsiSDTPEynataegarevalaunnagninnurehtfI .etatSruoyybderiuqersanoitcaevitcerrocrehtoekatdna,gnirotinomylretrauqeunitnoc,)302.141RFC04dna)b(13.141RFC04(syad03nihtiwsremotsuc
7/15/2010
10/15/2010
1/16/2011
4/5/2011
FailedTo Sample
10/1/2011
1/20/2012
4/19/2012
0.036
0.028
0.026
0.016
0.006
0.008
0.006
0.036 + 0 + 0 + 0
4
0.036 + 0.028 + 0 + 0
4
0.036 + 0.028 + 0.026 + 0
4
0.028 + 0.026 + 0.016
3
0.036 + 0.028 + 0.026 + 0.016
4
0.026 + 0.016 + 0.006
3
0.016 + 0.006 + 0.008
0.006 + 0.008 + 0.006
3
3
0.009 mg/L
0.016 mg/L
0.023 mg/L
0.027 mg/L
0.023 mg/L
0.016 mg/L
0.010 mg/L
0.007 mg/L
5/10/2011
10/20/2011
7/1/2012
11/15/2011
12/10/2010
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
3 Sample tap inside the mechanical room.
8/25/2010
10/28/2010
1/27/2011
4/26/2011
10/17/2011
2/2/2012
4/27/2012
- EXAMPLE
2/10/2011
42
Explanation of Example Arsenic Monitoring Worksheet for Quarterly Monitoring
This system is a ground water system with three entry points to its distribution system. The example begins in the third quarter of the year 2010.
The average of the routine sample and confirmation sample at Entry Point 3 was greater than 0.010 mg/L, so the State directed the system to
begin quarterly monitoring. The average of the routine and confirmation sample counted as the first quarterly sample, so the system recorded it
on the Monitoring Worksheet for Quarterly Monitoring. The system continued taking quarterly monitoring samples at this sampling point and
recording the results on the worksheet.
Prior to the second quarter of 2011, the system calculated the running annual average by summing all its quarterly monitoring results and
dividing by 4. This was equivalent to inserting 0.0 mg/L for all future monitoring results, which presented the best-case scenario: that all future
samples would be below the detection limit. In the second quarter of 2011, the system had taken more than a full year of samples, so the
running annual average was calculated with only the results from the previous four quarters. In the third quarter of 2011, the system failed to
sample. Therefore, the running annual average in the third quarter and following quarters was calculated by adding the three results and
dividing by 3, which was the number of samples taken by the system.
In the fourth quarter of 2010, the first quarter of 2011, the second quarter of 2011, the third quarter of 2011, and the fourth quarter of 2011, the
running annual average was greater than 0.010 mg/L and the system was therefore in violation of the revised MCL. An arsenic MCL violation
requires public notice, and the State directed the system to notify its customers of the violation. The system issued the notice within 30 days. In
the third quarter of 2011, the system failed to sample, which is an M&R violation also requiring public notice. The system notified its customers
of the M&R violation in its 2012 CCR. The CCR was sent out 9 months after the violation, within the 1-year public notification deadline. The
system sent the State a copy of each public notification with a letter certifying that it met the requirements of the Public Notification Rule.
The running annual average for the first quarter of 2012 was equal to 0.010 mg/L, so the system was no longer in violation of the revised MCL.
However, the State did not judge the system to be “reliably and consistently” below the MCL on the basis of one sample. The system continued
to take quarterly samples.
43
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detcelloC tluseRcinesrA noitaluclaCegarevAlaunnAgninnuRa
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detropeRtluseRetaD
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ehtybedivid,daetsni;elpmasaekatotdeliafuoyfiL/gm0.0tresnitonoD.gnilpmasylretrauqforaeytsrifehtgnirudselpmasylretrauqerutufllarofL/gm0.0tresnI.))1()i(32.141
.))1()i(32.141RFC04(cinesrafoL/gm0.0evahtimilnoitceteddohtemehtwolebstluserllatahtemussA.kootuoyselpmasforebmun
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ruoyfitluserehttroperotdeentonoduoY.))a(13.141RFC04(retrohssirevehcihw,doirepgnilpmasehtfodneehtfosyad01nihtiwronekatsawelpmasehthcihwnihtnomeht
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44
Appendix A: Sources for More Information on Arsenic
"The final text of the Arsenic Rule: EPA-815-Z-01-001 or Federal Register Vol. 66, No 14., pp. 6976-7066. The document is also
available on line at www.epa.gov/safewater/ars/arsenic_finalrule.html.
"The Arsenic Implementation Guidance, EPA-816-D-01-002: www.epa.gov/safewater/ars/implement.html (available September 2002).
"EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1-800-426-4791
"EPA’s Safewater Web site (www.epa.gov/safewater/arsenic.html) has a number of documents including the text of the Arsenic Rule, the
Arsenic Implementation Guidance, many fact sheets, and a quick reference guide to the Rule.
"American Water Works Association: www.awwa.org
"Association of State Drinking Water Administrators: www.asdwa.org
"National Ground Water Association: www.ngwa.org
"National Rural Water Association: www.nrwa.org
"Natural Resources Defense Council: www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/qarsenic.asp
"U.S. Congressional Research Service–Report for Congress: Arsenic in Drinking Water- Recent Regulatory Developments and Issues:
http://cnie.org/NLE/CRSreports/water/h2o-40.cfm
"The World Health Organization: www.who.int/pcs/ehc/summaries/ehc_224.html
45
EPA Region 1
Connecticut
Department of Public Health: Water Supplies Section
Maine
Maine Department of Human Services: Division of Health
Engineering
Massachusetts
Department of Environmental Protection: Drinking Water
Program
New Hampshire
Department of Environmental Services: Water Supply
Engineering Bureau
Rhode Island
Department of Health: Office of Drinking Water Quality
Vermont
Department of Environmental Conservation: Water Supply
Division
EPA Region 2
New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection: Bureau of Safe
Drinking Water
New York
Department of Health: Bureau of Public Water Supply
Protection
Puerto Rico
Department of Health: Public Water Supply Supervision
Program
Virgin Islands
Department of Planning & Natural Resources: Division of
Environmental Protection
www.epa.gov/region1/eco/drinkwater/index.html
www.state.ct.us/dph/BRS/WSS/water_supplies.htm
www.state.me.us/dhs/eng/water/index.htm
www.state.ma.us/dep/brp/dws/dwshome.htm
www.des.state.nh.us/wseb/
www.healthri.org/environment/dwq/home.htm
www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/watersup/wsd.htm
www.epa.gov/region02/water/drinktop.htm
www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/safedrnk.htm
www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/water/main.htm
www.epa.gov/region02/cepd/prlink.htm
www.dpnr.gov.vi/dep/publicwatersup.htm
(617) 918-1584
(860) 509-7333
(207) 287-2070
(617) 292-5770
(603) 271-2513
(401) 222-6867
(802) 241-3400
(212) 637-3879
(609) 292-5550
(518) 402-7650
(787) 977-5870
(340) 774-3320
Appendix B: Safe Drinking Water Act Primacy Agencies
46
EPA Region 3
Delaware
Delaware Health & Social Services: Division of Public
Health
District of Columbia
Department of Health
Maryland
Department of the Environment: Public Drinking Water
Program
Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Protection: Bureau of Water
Supply Management
Virginia
Department of Health: Division of Drinking Water
West Virginia
Bureau for Public Health: Environmental Engineering
Division
EPA Region 4
Alabama
Department of Environmental Management: Water Supply
Branch
Florida
Department of Environmental Protection: Drinking Water
Section
Georgia
Department of Natural Resources: Water Resources
Branch
Kentucky
Department for Environmental Protection: Drinking Water
Branch
Mississippi
Department of Health: Public Water Supply Program
www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/
www.state.de.us/dhss/dph/hsp.htm
www.dchealth.dc.gov/index.asp
www.mde.state.md.us/
www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wsm/wsm.htm
www.vdh.state.va.us/ddw/index.htm
www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/
www.epa.gov/region4/water/
www.adem.state.al.us/waterdiv/drinking%20water/dwmaininfo.htm
www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater/index.htm
www.ganet.org/dnr/environ/
water.nr.state.ky.us/dw/
www.msdh.state.ms.us/watersupply/index.htm
(215) 814-2300
(302) 739-4731
(202) 442-5999
(410) 631-3702
(717) 787-5017
(804) 786-5566
(304) 558-2981
(404) 562-9345
(334) 271-7773
(850) 487-1762
(404) 656-6328
(502) 564-3410
(601) 576-7518
47
North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources: Public
Water Supply Section
South Carolina
Department of Health & Environmental Control: Bureau of
Water
Tennessee
Department of Environment & Conservation: Division of
Water Supply
EPA Region 5
Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency: Bureau of Water
Indiana
Department of Environmental Management: Drinking Water
Branch
Michigan
Department of Environmental Quality: Drinking Water
Program
Minnesota
Department of Health: Drinking Water Protection Section
Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency: Division of Drinking &
Ground Waters
Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources: Bureau of Drinking
Water and Ground Water
EPA Region 6
Arkansas
Department of Health: Division of Engineering
Louisiana
Office of Public Health: Center for Environmental Health
New Mexico
Environment Department: Drinking Water Bureau
www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws
www.scdhec.net/water/html/dwater.html
www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/index.html
www.epa.gov/region5/water/gwdw
www.epa.state.il.us/water/
www.state.in.us/idem/owm/dwb/index.html
www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3675-,00.html
www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/index.html
www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/
www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/dwg/
www.epa.gov/region6/
www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/index.html
www.dhh.state.la.us/OPH/safewtr.htm
www.nmenv.state.nm.us/dwb/dwbtop.html
(919) 715-3232
(803) 898-4300
(615) 532-0191
(312) 886-6206
(217) 785-8653
(317) 308-3282
(517) 335-9218
(612) 215-0770
(614) 644-2752
(608) 266-2299
(214) 665-2757
(501) 661-2623
(225) 765-5038
(877) 654-8720
48
Oklahoma
Department of Environmental Quality: Water Quality
Division
Texas
Commission on Environmental Quality
EPA Region 7
Iowa
Department of Natural Resources: Water Supply Section
Kansas
Department of Health & Environment: Public Water Supply
Section
Missouri
Department of Natural Resources: Public Drinking Water
Program
Nebraska
Health & Human Services System: Public Water Supply
Program
EPA Region 8
Colorado
Department of Public Health & Environment: Drinking
Water Program
Montana
Department of Environmental Quality: Public Water Supply
Section
North Dakota
Department of Health: Drinking Water Program
South Dakota
Department of Environment & Natural Resources: Drinking
Water Program
www.deq.state.ok.us/wqdnew/index.htm
www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/permitting/waterperm/pdw/pdw000.html
www.epa.gov/region07/water/dwgw.html
www.state.ia.us/government/dnr/organiza/epd/wtrsuply/wtrsup.htm
www.kdhe.state.ks.us/water/pwss.html
www.dnr.state.mo.us/deq/pdwp/homepdwp.htm
www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm
www.epa.gov/region08/water/dwhome/
dwhome.html
www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/drinking_water/drinking_water_program.htm
www.deq.state.mt.us/pcd/csb/pws/index.asp
www.ehs.health.state.nd.us/ndhd/environ/mf/index.htm
www.state.sd.us/denr/des/drinking/dwprg.htm
(405) 702-8100
(512) 239-4300
(913) 551-7030
(515) 725-0275
(785) 296-5503
(573) 751-5331
(402) 471-2541
(303) 312-6312
(303) 692-3500
(406) 444-4400
(701) 328-5211
(605) 773-3754
49
Utah
Department of Environmental Quality: Division of Drinking Water
Wyoming
EPA Region VIII: Wyoming Drinking Water Program
EPA Region 9
American Samoa
Environmental Protection Agency: American Samoa
Arizona
Department of Environmental Quality: Drinking Water Section
California
Department of Health Services: Division of Drinking Water & Environmental
Management
Guam
Environmental Protection Agency: Guam
Hawaii
Department of Health: Safe Drinking Water Branch
Nevada
Department of Human Resources: Bureau of Health Protection Services
Navajo Nation
EPA Region 10
Alaska
Department of Environmental Conservation: Drinking Water & Wastewater
Program
Idaho
Department of Environmental Quality: Water Quality
Oregon
Department of Human Services: Drinking Water Program
Washington
Department of Health: Division of Drinking Water
http://drinkingwater.utah.gov
www.epa.gov/region08/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html
www.epa.gov/region9/water
www.epa.gov/Region9/cross_pr/islands/samoa.html
www.adeq.state.az.us/environ/water/dw/index.html
www.dhs.cahwnet.gov/org/ps/ddwem/
www.epa.gov/region09/cross_pr/islands/guam.html
www.hawaii.gov/health/eh/eiemdw00.htm
www.state.nv.us/health/bhps/sdwp.htm
www.navajo.org
www.epa.gov/region10/
www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/safewater.htm
www2.state.id.us/deq/water/water1.htm
www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/dwp/welcome.htm
www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/
(801) 536-4200
(303) 312-6312
(415) 972-3547
(415) 972-3767
(602) 771-4644
(916) 323-6111
(671) 472-8863
(808) 586-4258
(775) 687-6615
(928) 871-7692
(206) 553-1893
(907) 269-7653
(208) 373-0502
(503) 731-4010
(360) 236-3100
50
U.S. EPA Headquarters
American Indian Environmental Office
U.S. EPA Regional Tribal Capacity Development Coordinators
U.S. EPA Region 1
U.S. EPA Region 2
U.S. EPA Region 4
U.S. EPA Region 5
U.S. EPA Region 6
U.S. EPA Region 7
U.S. EPA Region 8
U.S. EPA Region 9
U.S. EPA Region 10
Other Contacts
Administration for Native Americans
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Indian Health Service
Native American Water Association
Appendix C: Tribal Contacts
www.epa.gov/indian
www.epa.gov/region01/topics/government/tribal.html
www.epa.gov/region02/nations/index.html
www.epa.gov/region04/ead/indian/index.htm
www.epa.gov/region5/water/stpb/
www.epa.gov/region06/6xa/tribal.htm
www.epa.gov/region07/government_tribal/index.htm
www.epa.gov/region08/tribes
www.epa.gov/region09/cross_pr/indian/index.html
yosemite.epa.gov/r10/tribal.NSF/webpage/tribal+office+homepage?opendocument
www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ana/
www.doi.gov/bureau-indian-affairs.html
www.ihs.gov
www.nawainc.org
(202) 564-0303
(888) 372-7341
(212) 637-3600
(404) 562-6939
(312) 353-2123
(800) 887-6063
(913) 551-7030
(303) 312-6116
(415) 744-1500
(206) 553-4011
(877) 922-9262
(202) 208-3710
(301) 443-3024
(775) 782-6636
51
Appendix D: Other STEP Documents
This brochure is one in a series of Simple Tools for Effective Performance (STEP) documents for small drinking water systems. The currently
available STEP documents can be obtained from EPA by calling the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791 and requesting the
document by its publication number. To check on the availability of STEP documents listed below as under development, go to www.epa.gov/
safewater/smallsys/ssinfo.htm.
AVAILABLE NOW
Small Systems Guide to the Total Coliform Rule
(TCR)
This workbook is designed to help small systems understand the TCR
and the mandatory monitoring required under the rule. The workbook
provides sample worksheets to help systems organize and track TCR
monitoring data, and provides appropriate follow-up actions should
monitoring show a positive presence of coliform.
Publication number EPA 816-R-01-017A
Published: June 2001
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Regulation
Overview Brochure for Small Systems
This brochure summarizes SDWA regulations that currently exist, are
proposed, or are under development that effect or will effect small
water systems. The brochure emphasizes how the regulations relate to
each other, and explains the multi-barrier approach to microbial and
chemical risks and how SDWA regulations fit into this type of
framework. The brochure also emphasizes how most small systems
can achieve compliance through process optimization and more
efficient system management.
Publication number EPA 816-R-02-004
UNDER DEVELOPMENT
Disinfectants/Disinfection By-Products (D/DBP)
Rule Workbook
Publication number EPA 816-R-02-007A
Strategic Planning Workbook
Publication number EPA 816-R-02-005
Asset Management Workbook
Publication number EPA 816-K-02-006